{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T13:13:33Z","timestamp":1787318013880,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752537600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Clinician Scientist Awards","award":["MOH-CSAINV21jun-0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOH-CSAINV21jun-0001"]}]},{"name":"Clinician Scientist Awards","award":["CSAINV24jul-0005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSAINV24jul-0005"]}]},{"name":"Clinician Scientist Awards","award":["CIRG24jul-0010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIRG24jul-0010"]}]},{"name":"Clinician Scientist individual research","award":["MOH-CSAINV21jun-0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOH-CSAINV21jun-0001"]}]},{"name":"Clinician Scientist individual research","award":["CSAINV24jul-0005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSAINV24jul-0005"]}]},{"name":"Clinician Scientist individual research","award":["CIRG24jul-0010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIRG24jul-0010"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Corneal sensitivity is an important indicator of corneal health and innervation. Corneal hypoesthesia may be an early indicator of corneal diseases such as neurotrophic keratopathy. Various instruments have been used to measure corneal sensitivity, the first being the Cochet\u2013Bonnet aesthesiometer. Over the years, new devices employing different stimuli have been developed, such as the gas-based Belmonte aesthesiometer, the Swiss liquid-jet aesthesiometer, and the most recently released corneal Brill aesthesiometer. In this review, the progress and advancement of aesthesiometers since their introduction is described. The mechanism, advantages, and disadvantages of these aesthesiometers are discussed and compared. We also report the relationship between corneal sensitivity and corneal innervation in various conditions, including diabetes mellitus, Fuchs\u2019 endothelial dystrophy, dry eye disease, glaucoma, keratoconus, herpes simplex keratitis, post-refractive surgery, and ocular graft-versus-host disease. Through this review, we aim to highlight the importance of the assessment of corneal sensitivity and innervation in the diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of anterior and posterior segment ocular disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15141785","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T11:52:58Z","timestamp":1752580378000},"page":"1785","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Evaluation of Corneal Sensitivity: Tools We Have"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ezra","family":"Eio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingyi","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regenerative Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regenerative Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle Xin Yu","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regenerative Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regina Kay Ting","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regenerative Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jipson Hon Fai","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regenerative Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5408-0382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu-Chi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regenerative Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Cornea and External Eye Disease, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore"},{"name":"Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6700616","article-title":"Neurotrophic keratitis","volume":"17","author":"Bonini","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feinberg, K., Tajdaran, K., Mirmoeini, K., Daeschler, S.C., Henriquez, M.A., Stevens, K.E., Mulenga, C.M., Hussain, A., Hamrah, P., and Ali, A. 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