{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T01:31:13Z","timestamp":1784770273139,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]],"date-time":"2025-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752624000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Infantile hemangioma (IH) is a common vascular tumor in neonates, influenced by multiple prenatal and perinatal factors. This study aimed to identify risk factors in both infants and mothers, assess their link to clinical characteristics and severity, and evaluate treatment outcomes when systemic propranolol therapy was administered. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study analyzing 43 infants under 12 months, including 11 neonates (&lt;28 days) diagnosed with IH. Maternal and neonatal factors, diagnostic timelines, clinical presentation, and treatment efficacy were examined. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, focusing on gestational age, birth weight, Apgar scores, and the Infantile Hemangioma Referral Score (IHReS). Results: The study found a female predominance and a correlation between IH and pre-term birth (50%) and low birth weight (&lt;2760 g, 51.16%). Maternal anemia (23%) and gestational hypertension (9%) were present in the cohort, but no statistical association with IH severity was found. A significant number (44.18%) were diagnosed within the first two weeks postpartum. The IHReS was inversely correlated with Apgar scores, with newborns scoring above 8 having a lower IHReS. Treatment with propranolol (1\u20133 mg\/kg\/day) was highly effective, resulting in significant lesion regression in most patients. Mild complications included sleep disturbances (12%) and diarrhea (9%). The most affected areas were the face\/eyelid (32.55%), limbs (18.6%), and anterior thorax. Additionally, 42% of cases had an IHReS above 4, with multiple hemangiomas increasing severity. Conclusions: IH was common in pre-term and low-birth-weight infants, whereas the maternal comorbidities observed in this small cohort did not show a definitive association, underscoring the need for controlled studies. Early diagnosis, risk stratification, and timely propranolol therapy are crucial in achieving favorable outcomes. Further research is needed to assess long-term effects and evaluate risks of treatment rebound.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15141792","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]],"date-time":"2025-07-16T12:55:00Z","timestamp":1752670500000},"page":"1792","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Clinical Insights into Risk Factors for Infantile Hemangioma and Propranolol Treatment Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4629-5820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioana","family":"Ro\u0219ca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cCarol Davila\u201d, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Neonatology Department, Clinical Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology \u201cProf. Dr. P. S\u00e2rbu\u201d, 060251 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raluca-Gabriela","family":"Miulescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cCarol Davila\u201d, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Pediatric Hospital Ploiesti, 100326 Ploiesti, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8757-1021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra-Maria","family":"Roman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cCarol Davila\u201d, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Dermatology Department, \u201cElias\u201d University Emergency Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oana-Alexandra","family":"Peta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cCarol Davila\u201d, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Pediatrics Department, Doctor Victor Gomoiu\u2019s Children Hospital, 022102 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alina","family":"Turenschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cCarol Davila\u201d, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Pediatric Hospital Ploiesti, 100326 Ploiesti, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anca","family":"Miu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Hospital Ploiesti, 100326 Ploiesti, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aurelia","family":"Sosoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Hospital Ploiesti, 100326 Ploiesti, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0260-8293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreea Teodora","family":"Constantin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics Department, National Institute for Mother and Child Health \u201cAlessandrescu-Rusescu\u201d, 20382 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonard","family":"N\u0103stase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cCarol Davila\u201d, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Neonatology Department, National Institute for Mother and Child Health \u201cAlessandrescu-Rusescu\u201d, 20382 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00e2nziana","family":"Miu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cCarol Davila\u201d, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Marie Sk\u0142odowska Curie Children\u2019s Emergency Hospital, 077120 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8008-4408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandru","family":"Dinulescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cCarol Davila\u201d, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Emergency Hospital for Children \u201cGrigore Alexandrescu\u201d, 011743 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6414-0841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Poenaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cCarol Davila\u201d, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florica","family":"\u0218andru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cCarol Davila\u201d, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Dermatology Department, \u201cElias\u201d University Emergency Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1007\/s12519-019-00327-2","article-title":"Risk Factors for Infantile Hemangioma: A Meta-Analysis","volume":"16","author":"Ding","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J. 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Case Rep."}],"container-title":["Diagnostics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/15\/14\/1792\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:10:41Z","timestamp":1760033441000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/15\/14\/1792"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["diagnostics15141792"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics15141792","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4418"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-4418","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]]}}}