{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:31:01Z","timestamp":1760059861700,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]],"date-time":"2025-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752624000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: This study investigates adaptive changes in long-lasting pattern electroretinogram (PERG) responses in ocular hypertension (OHT) and open-angle glaucoma (OAG) patients, and in healthy subjects. Methods: Sixty consecutive individuals were recruited, including 20 OHT, 20 OAG, and 20 normal subjects. All participants underwent comprehensive ophthalmologic examination, 30\u20132 perimetry, and retinal nerve fiber layer imaging. Steady-state (7.5 Hz) PERGs were recorded over approximately 2 min, in response to 90% contrast alternating gratings within a large field size. The recordings were acquired into a sequence of 10 averages (packets), lasting 10 s each, following a standardized adaptation paradigm (Next Generation PERG, PERGx). Key outcome measures included PERGx parameters reflecting response amplitude and phase changes over time. Results: The PERGx grand average scalar amplitude, a surrogate of ordinary PERG, was significantly reduced in both OHT and OAG groups compared to normal subjects (p &lt; 0.01). In contrast, minimal adaptation changes were noted in PERGx amplitude among all groups. The PERGx phase exhibited a progressive decline over time, with consistent delays of approximately 20 degrees across all groups. Angular dispersion of the PERGx phase increased significantly in OHT patients compared to normal subjects (p &lt; 0.05). An inverse relationship was observed between PERGx angular dispersion and treated intraocular pressure, specifically in OHT patients. Conclusions: The findings suggest that both OHT and OAG eyes may exhibit temporal abnormalities in PERG adaptation, potentially indicating early dysfunction in retinal ganglion cell activity. Translational Relevance: PERGx phase changes may have significant implications for glaucoma early detection and management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15141797","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]],"date-time":"2025-07-16T15:48:22Z","timestamp":1752680902000},"page":"1797","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Steady-State PERG Adaptation Reveals Temporal Abnormalities of Retinal Ganglion Cells in Treated Ocular Hypertension and Glaucoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Tommaso","family":"Salgarello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Institute of Ophthalmology, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Giudiceandrea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Institute of Ophthalmology, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2803-5550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grazia Maria","family":"Cozzupoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Ophthalmology, Pia Fondazione Cardinale Giovanni Panico Hospital, 73039 Tricase, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2826-3625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina","family":"Cocuzza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Institute of Ophthalmology, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Romolo","family":"Fedeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Ophthalmology, Pia Fondazione Cardinale Giovanni Panico Hospital, 73039 Tricase, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donato","family":"Errico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Ophthalmology, Pia Fondazione Cardinale Giovanni Panico Hospital, 73039 Tricase, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7004-5245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonello","family":"Fadda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic and Aging Associated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2461-8951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filippo","family":"Amore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre of Services and Research for the Prevention of Blindness and Rehabilitation of Low Vision Patients, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Sulfaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre of Services and Research for the Prevention of Blindness and Rehabilitation of Low Vision Patients, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Epifanio","family":"Giudiceandrea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Salgarello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stanislao","family":"Rizzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Institute of Ophthalmology, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1694-1062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benedetto","family":"Falsini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Institute of Ophthalmology, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2015.05.008","article-title":"Electrophysiological assessment of retinal ganglion cell function","volume":"141","author":"Porciatti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-008-0808-5","article-title":"Structure-function relationship in ocular hypertension and glaucoma: Interindividual and interocular analysis by OCT and pattern ERG","volume":"246","author":"Falsini","year":"2008","journal-title":"Graefe\u2019s Arch. Clin. Exp. 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Ophthalmol."}],"container-title":["Diagnostics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/15\/14\/1797\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:10:55Z","timestamp":1760033455000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/15\/14\/1797"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["diagnostics15141797"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics15141797","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4418"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2075-4418"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]]}}}