{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T22:12:03Z","timestamp":1782857523938,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":170,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753401600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The biggest challenge in cancer therapy is tumor resistance to the classical approach. Thus, research interest has shifted toward the cancer stem cell population (CSC). CSCs are a small subpopulation of cancer cells within tumors with self-renewal, differentiation, and metastasis\/malignant potential. They are involved in tumor initiation and development, metastasis, and recurrence. Method. A narrative review of significant scientific publications related to the topic and its applicability in endometrial cancer (EC) was performed with the aim of identifying current knowledge about the identification of CSC populations in endometrial cancer, their biological significance, prognostic impact, and therapeutic targeting. Results: Therapy against the tumor population alone has no or negligible effect on CSCs. CSCs, due to their stemness and therapeutic resistance, cause tumor relapse. They target CSCs that may lead to noticeable persistent tumoral regression. Also, they can be used as a predictive marker for poor prognosis. Reverse transcription\u2013polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) demonstrated that the cultured cells strongly expressed stemness-related genes, such as SOX-2 (sex-determining region Y-box 2), NANOG (Nanog homeobox), and Oct 4 (octamer-binding protein 4). The expression of surface markers CD133+ and CD44+ was found on CSC as stemness markers. Along with surface markers, transcription factors such as NF-kB, HIF-1a, and b-catenin were also considered therapeutic targets. Hypoxia is another vital feature of the tumor environment and aids in the maintenance of the stemness of CSCs. This involves the hypoxic activation of the WNT\/b-catenin pathway, which promotes tumor survival and metastasis. Specific antibodies have been investigated against CSC markers; for example, anti-CD44 antibodies have been demonstrated to have potential against different CSCs in preclinical investigations. Anti-CD-133 antibodies have also been developed. Targeting the CSC microenvironment is a possible drug target for CSCs. Focusing on stemness-related genes, such as the transcription pluripotency factors SOX2, NANOG, and OCT4, is another therapeutic option. Conclusions: Stemness surface and gene markers can be potential prognostic biomarkers and management approaches for cases with drug-resistant endometrial cancers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15151872","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T14:40:02Z","timestamp":1753454402000},"page":"1872","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Therapeutic and Prognostic Relevance of Cancer Stem Cell Populations in Endometrial Cancer: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7700-2384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioana Cristina","family":"Rotar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology I, Mother and Child Department, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1084-2714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Bernad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Neuropsychology and Behavioral Medicine, Center for Laparoscopy, Laparoscopic Surgery and In Vitro Fertilization, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timi\u0219oara, 300041 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"},{"name":"Ist Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Laparoscopy, In Vitro Fertilization and Embryotransfer Research Center, \u201cPius Brinzeu\u201d County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 300723 Timi\u0219oara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liviu","family":"Moraru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology \u201cGeorge Emil Palade\u201d, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4304-4911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viviana","family":"Ivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Victor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6684-1759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrian","family":"Apostol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Victor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0617-5376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandor Ianos","family":"Bernad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Fundamental and Advanced Technical Research, Romanian Academy\u2014Timisoara Branch, No 24 Mihai Viteazul Boulevard, 300223 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Research Centre for Engineering of Systems with Complex Fluids, Politehnica University Timisoara, No 1 Mihai Viteazul Boulevard 1, 300222 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Muresan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology I, Mother and Child Department, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1596-6353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melinda-Ildiko","family":"Mitranovici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology \u201cGeorge Emil Palade\u201d, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giannone, G., Attademo, L., Scotto, G., Genta, S., Ghisoni, E., Tuninetti, V., and Valabrega, G. 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