{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T20:05:05Z","timestamp":1785528305059,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,27]],"date-time":"2025-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753574400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abdominal arteriovenous fistula [AVF] is a rare but serious complication of penetrating trauma, often associated with high morbidity and mortality. This report presents the case of a 24-year-old male who sustained multiple gunshot wounds, leading to the formation of an ilio-iliac AVF and a pseudoaneurysm. The patient arrived at the emergency department hemodynamically unstable, with bullet wounds to the forearm, thigh, and lumbosacral region. Initial non-arterial phase CT revealed a pseudoaneurysm anterior to the right external iliac vessels and a surrounding hematoma, raising suspicion for AVF. A second biphasic CTA confirmed an AVF connection between the right external iliac artery and external iliac vein, as well as the arterialization of the vein. Additionally, fat stranding and bowel wall thickening suggested potential hollow viscus injury. Due to the patient\u2019s unstable condition and possible intra-abdominal injuries, an open laparotomy was performed. A stent was placed in the right external iliac artery, the vein was primarily repaired, and serosal injuries to the duodenum and cecum were surgically addressed. The patient recovered gradually, although a persistent serous discharge was noted and managed in follow-up. This case highlights the importance of considering AVF in penetrating abdominal trauma and the critical role of biphasic CTA in diagnosis and surgical planning.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15151882","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T07:57:24Z","timestamp":1753689444000},"page":"1882","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Iliac Arteriovenous Fistula and Pseudoaneurysm Secondary to Gunshot Trauma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Akbudak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Dicle University, 21280 Diyarbakir, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3240-6991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammed","family":"Tekinhatun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Dicle University, 21280 Diyarbakir, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9451-9811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehmet Sait","family":"Duyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Dicle University, 21280 Diyarbakir, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4528-5305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatih","family":"Cihan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Dicle University, 21280 Diyarbakir, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.25259\/JCIS_98_2022","article-title":"Role of imaging in penetrating vascular injuries of the craniocervical region","volume":"12","author":"Gopireddy","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Imaging Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.09.2631","article-title":"Imaging Arteriovenous Fistulas","volume":"193","author":"Busquets","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20150952","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20150952","article-title":"Dual-phase CT for the assessment of acute vascular injuries in high-energy blunt trauma: The imaging findings and management implications","volume":"89","author":"Iacobellis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2024.12.018","article-title":"European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS) 2025 Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Management of Vascular Trauma","volume":"69","author":"Wahlgren","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800810912","article-title":"Traumatic arteriovenous fistula: Experience with 202 patients","volume":"81","author":"Robbs","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br. J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2050313X20984322","DOI":"10.1177\/2050313X20984322","article-title":"An unusual complication after endovascular aneurysm repair for giant abdominal aortic aneurysm with aortocaval fistula: High bilirubin levels","volume":"8","author":"Marchetti","year":"2020","journal-title":"SAGE Open Med. Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2996","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2024.04.007","article-title":"Spontaneous ilio-iliac arteriovenous fistula: A rare complication of aorto-iliac aneurysm","volume":"19","author":"Benbrahim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Radiol. Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"e15575","article-title":"Traumatic Arteriovenous Fistula After Kickboxing injury: Case Report & Review of the Literature","volume":"3","author":"Rezvani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch. Trauma Res."}],"container-title":["Diagnostics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/15\/15\/1882\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:16:54Z","timestamp":1760033814000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/15\/15\/1882"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,27]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["diagnostics15151882"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics15151882","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4418"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-4418","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,27]]}}}