{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T04:42:39Z","timestamp":1789706559903,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753660800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV), a retrovirus associated with severe conditions such as leukemia\/lymphoma and myelopathy, exhibits variable global prevalence, with higher rates observed in regions such as northeastern Brazil and sub-Saharan Africa. While intrauterine transmission can occur via viral expression in placental tissue and contact with umbilical cord blood, the predominant route is vertical transmission through breastfeeding. Diagnostic testing, particularly serological screening with ELISA and confirmatory methods such as Western blot and PCR, is essential for early detection during pregnancy. The implementation of prenatal screening programs, as seen in Japan and Brazil, has proven effective in reducing vertical transmission by guiding interventions such as breastfeeding cessation in infected mothers. Beyond clinical implications, the psychosocial impact on affected pregnant women highlights the need for an interdisciplinary approach. Although the association between HTLV infection and adverse obstetric outcomes remains controversial, studies suggest increased risks of preterm birth, low birth weight, and other neonatal complications. Given the importance of early diagnosis and prevention, universal prenatal screening protocols represent a critical strategy to reduce viral transmission and its long-term consequences.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15151886","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T07:57:24Z","timestamp":1753689444000},"page":"1886","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["HTLV-1 in Pregnancy and Neonatal Health: Evidence, Challenges, and Future Directions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ana Clara Assis Alves","family":"Emerick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Woman Health, Municipal University of S\u00e3o Caetano do Sul (USCS), S\u00e3o Caetano do Sul 09521-160, SP, 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Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2942-6182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Braga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 22240-003, RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Medicine, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niter\u00f3i 24070-090, RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Applied Health Sciences, University of Vassouras, Vassouras 27700-000, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5301-986X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gloria","family":"Calagna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Villa Sofia Cervello Hospital, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, 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