{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:35:06Z","timestamp":1760060106932,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754092800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2023-00241269"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00241269"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objective: This study presents a combined osteometric and biomechanical analysis of a Korean female cadaver exhibiting bilateral lower limb bone asymmetry with abnormal curvature and callus formation on the left femoral midshaft. Methods: To investigate bilateral bone length differences, osteometric measurements were conducted at standardized landmarks. Additionally, we developed three gait models using Meta Motivo, an open-source reinforcement learning platform, to analyze how skeletal asymmetry influences stride dynamics and directional control. Results: Detailed measurements revealed that the left lower limb bones were consistently shorter and narrower than their right counterparts. The calculated lower limb lengths showed a bilateral discrepancy ranging from 39 mm to 42 mm\u2014specifically a 6 mm difference in the femur, 33 mm in the tibia, and 36 mm in the fibula. In the gait pattern analysis, the normal model exhibited a straight-line gait without lateral deviation. In contrast, the unbalanced, non-learned model demonstrated compensatory overuse and increased stride length of the left lower limb and a tendency to veer leftward. The unbalanced, learned model showed partial gait normalization, characterized by reduced limb dominance and improved right stride, although directional control remained compromised. Conclusions: This integrative approach highlights the biomechanical consequences of lower limb bone discrepancy and demonstrates the utility of virtual agent-based modeling in elucidating compensatory gait adaptations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15151943","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T10:48:08Z","timestamp":1754304488000},"page":"1943","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Reconstructing the Gait Pattern of a Korean Cadaver with Bilateral Lower Limb Asymmetry Using a Virtual Humanoid Modeling Program"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1414-6993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min Woo","family":"Seo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of History, College of Liberal Arts, Sejong University, Seoul 05000, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Changmin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Future City and Society Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5639-6540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyun Jin","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dikovski, B., Madjarov, G., and Gjorgjevikj, D. 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