{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T22:30:01Z","timestamp":1790289001227,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Maxillary sinus floor augmentation (MSFA) is commonly used to increase posterior maxillary bone volume prior to implant placement. Although generally successful, late complications can impact long-term outcomes. The purpose of the study was to estimate the incidence and timing of atypical late complications following (MSFA) using bovine xenohybrid bone grafts. The study also aimed to evaluate whether preoperative bone volume is associated with the risk of complications. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Danube Private University, Krems-Stein, Austria, and included patients who underwent MSFA with bovine xenohybrid bone grafts and either simultaneous or staged implant placement between January 2020 and December 2023. Preoperative bone volume of the posterior maxilla measured via cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the planned implant insertion position. The primary endpoint was the time (days) from MSFA to the occurrence of a graft-related complication (defined as atypical if occurring more than 6 months after MSFA and not related to peri-implantitis) The covariates included subjects\u2019 age, sex, the quantity of graft used for MSFA, timing of dental implant insertion (simultaneous vs. staged) and implant dimensions. Kaplan\u2013Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to evaluate time-to-event data. Only one graft site per patient was analyzed. Results: Atypical complications occurred in 9 out of 47 patients (19.1%), with an average time to onset of 645 days. In a multivariable analysis, a lower preoperative bone volume was found to be an independent predictor of an increased risk of complications (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.972; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.925\u20131.021; p = 0.252). However, the quantity of graft used for MSFA was not found to be a predictor (p = 0.46). Conclusions: Within the limitations of a retrospective study, reduced native bone volume appears to increase the risk of atypical late complications following MSFA with bovine xenohybrid grafts. This makes closer clinical and radiologic follow-up of patients over a longer period very necessary.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15162089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T13:18:14Z","timestamp":1755695894000},"page":"2089","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Focused Analysis of Complications Associated with Bovine Xenohybrid Bone Grafts Following Maxillary Sinus Augmentation via the Lateral Approach: A Retrospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2639-0409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pascal","family":"Gr\u00fcn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University, Steiner Landstrasse 124, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria"},{"name":"Clinical Application of Artificial Intelligence in Dentistry (CAAID) Group, Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University, Steiner Landstrasse 124, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1410-6543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marius","family":"Meier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University, Steiner Landstrasse 124, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria"},{"name":"Clinical Application of Artificial Intelligence in Dentistry (CAAID) Group, Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University, Steiner Landstrasse 124, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria"},{"name":"Dental Practice, 9490 Vaduz, Liechtenstein"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Anderl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University, Steiner Landstrasse 124, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria"},{"name":"Clinical Application of Artificial Intelligence in Dentistry (CAAID) Group, Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University, Steiner Landstrasse 124, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1868-4960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"Kleber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division for Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University, Steiner Landstrasse 124, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2217-446X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Flora","family":"Turhani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University, Steiner Landstrasse 124, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria"},{"name":"Clinical Application of Artificial Intelligence in Dentistry (CAAID) Group, Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University, Steiner Landstrasse 124, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Schiepek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University, Steiner Landstrasse 124, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria"},{"name":"Clinical Application of Artificial Intelligence in Dentistry (CAAID) Group, Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University, Steiner Landstrasse 124, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8620-3179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S. M. Ragib Shahriar","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Austrian Center for Medical Innovation and Technology, 2700 Wiener Neustadt, Austria"},{"name":"Research Center for Clinical AI-Research in Omics and Medical Data Science (CAROM), Department of Medicine, Danube Private University (DPU), 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria"},{"name":"Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6454-7820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Fitzek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Services Research Group, Medical Images Analysis and Artificial Intelligence (MIAAI), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University, Steiner Landstrasse 124, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Bandura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University, Steiner Landstrasse 124, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7311-3191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dritan","family":"Turhani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University, Steiner Landstrasse 124, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria"},{"name":"Clinical Application of Artificial Intelligence in Dentistry (CAAID) Group, Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University, Steiner Landstrasse 124, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/S0011-8532(22)02107-3","article-title":"Maxillary and sinus implant reconstructions","volume":"30","author":"Tatum","year":"1986","journal-title":"Dent. 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