{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T16:08:02Z","timestamp":1791216482898,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Italian Ministry of Health\u2014Ricerca Corrente Annual Program 2026"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is the most common special type of breast carcinoma, accounting for 5\u201315% of all breast carcinoma cases. Its metastatic pattern differs from that of invasive breast carcinoma of no special type, with ILC metastases to the peritoneum, gastrointestinal tract, and female genital tract being more frequent. This literature review focuses on ILC cases with metastasis to the female genital tract (FGT). Searches were conducted in medical databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, using specific keywords. Inclusion criteria centered on studies presenting one or more cases of patients with ILC metastasis to the FGT and English language publications. Exclusion criteria included articles that did not present original research findings, studies with insufficient data, and publications in languages other than English. A thorough analysis of 154 results from PubMed, 56 from Scopus, and 173 from Web of Science after the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria resulted in the inclusion of 54 manuscripts describing 61 cases. The demographic, clinicopathological, and therapeutic aspects of ILC metastases to the FGT were reviewed and the differential diagnosis and prognosis for each anatomic location in the FGT were discussed separately. Our analysis of the data showed that the restricted mean survival time was 186 \u00b1 30.7 months and that a negative ER on a secondary tumor was found to be linked to worse patient survival rates. Also of note is the fact that in 37.7% of cases there was involvement of multiple FGT anatomic locations and in 36% of cases there were metastases in organs or anatomic locations other than the FGT. To our knowledge, our study is the only one to describe the features of patients with secondary FGT involvement from ILC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15182356","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T07:07:18Z","timestamp":1758092838000},"page":"2356","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Invasive Lobular Carcinoma Metastasis to the Female Genital Tract: A Systematic Search and Review of Case Reports and Case Series"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9502-7916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nektarios I.","family":"Koufopoulos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0074-3619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abraham","family":"Pouliakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Menelaos G.","family":"Samaras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0994-4959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kostantinos","family":"Skarentzos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2455-6966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theofanis","family":"Nastos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3667-4520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioannis","family":"Boutas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Breast Unit, Rea Maternity Hospital, P. Faliro, 17564 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adamantia","family":"Kontogeorgi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8733-9933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magda","family":"Zanelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2299-5160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Palicelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy"},{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9841-7856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maurizio","family":"Zizzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy"},{"name":"Surgical Oncology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2576-6523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Broggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies \u201cG.F. Ingrassia\u201d Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8591-8010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosario","family":"Caltabiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies \u201cG.F. Ingrassia\u201d Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3669-8759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serena","family":"Salzano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies \u201cG.F. 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