{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T05:35:32Z","timestamp":1788845732950,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":140,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758844800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), comprising Crohn\u2019s disease and ulcerative colitis, requires accurate assessment over time. Imaging techniques play a crucial role in diagnosis, monitoring disease activity, and guiding therapeutic response. This review summarizes the current evidence on radiologic imaging techniques in IBD, focusing on intestinal ultrasound (IUS), computed tomography enterography (CTE), magnetic resonance enterography (MRE), and other emerging technologies. Methods: A literature review was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library, encompassing publications up to 31 October 2024. Results: IUS offers a non-invasive tool for assessing bowel wall thickness, vascularity, and complications. CTE and MRE provide detailed visualization of luminal and extraluminal disease, with MRE preferred for routine monitoring due to the absence of ionizing radiation. Standardized indices and scoring systems aid in objective disease activity assessment. Emerging technologies like Positron Emission Tomography (PET)\/MRI and radiomics show promise in combining metabolic and morphological information for complex cases. Conclusions: Imaging has a central role in IBD management, with IUS, CTE, and MRE demonstrating high diagnostic accuracy. Radiomics and Artificial Intelligence (AI) are paving the way for precision imaging. Integrating advanced imaging techniques, scoring systems, and AI-driven analytics represents a transformative step toward more effective and individualized care for patients with IBD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15192457","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T08:31:28Z","timestamp":1758875488000},"page":"2457","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The Role of Imaging in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: From Diagnosis to Individualized Therapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5556-6259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salvatore","family":"Lavalle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna \u201cKore\u201d, 94100 Enna, Italy"},{"name":"Radiology Unit, Umberto I Hospital, 94100 Enna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9099-9468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Vitello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna \u201cKore\u201d, 94100 Enna, Italy"},{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Umberto I Hospital, 94100 Enna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0810-409X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edoardo","family":"Masiello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9395-5468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Dell\u2019Anna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, 20097 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9086-8051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Placido","family":"Romeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Radiology, San Marco Hospital, AOU Policlinico \u201cG. Rodolico\u201d San Marco, 95121 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelo","family":"Montana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Radiology, San Marco Hospital, AOU Policlinico \u201cG. Rodolico\u201d San Marco, 95121 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giambattista","family":"Privitera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Radiology, San Marco Hospital, AOU Policlinico \u201cG. Rodolico\u201d San Marco, 95121 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2085-7230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Cosenza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5565-3135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domenico","family":"Santangelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0726-9729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tommaso","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7980-9520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Bonomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Umberto I Hospital, 94100 Enna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuele","family":"Sinagra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Fondazione Istituto San Raffaele Giglio, 90015 Cefal\u00f9, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7090-9004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Partha","family":"Pal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Gastroenterology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Somajiguda, Hyderabad 500082, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2107-2156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Facciorusso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy"},{"name":"Clinical Effectiveness Research Group, University of Oslo, 0313 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5128-3846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabio Salvatore","family":"Macaluso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IBD Unit, \u2018Villa Sofia-Cervello\u2019 Hospital, 90146 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ambrogio","family":"Orlando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IBD Unit, \u2018Villa Sofia-Cervello\u2019 Hospital, 90146 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4992-9289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcello","family":"Maida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna \u201cKore\u201d, 94100 Enna, Italy"},{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Umberto I Hospital, 94100 Enna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Calvez, V., Puca, P., Di Vincenzo, F., Del Gaudio, A., Bartocci, B., Murgiano, M., Iaccarino, J., Parand, E., Napolitano, D., and Pugliese, D. 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