{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T22:28:45Z","timestamp":1794090525554,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":151,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758844800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Boerhaave syndrome (BS) and subsequent septic mediastinitis represent a complex cascade of events from esophageal perforation to septic shock. The pathophysiology involves chemical injury, polymicrobial contamination, cytokine storm, endothelial dysfunction, coagulation disorders, and ultimately multiple organ failure. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for proper therapeutic management that can interrupt this lethal sequence. Due to the complexity of this condition, it is almost impossible to develop a feasible treatment protocol for every situation. The article, through a literature review, evaluates the pathophysiological mechanisms, the consequences of spontaneous esophageal rupture, as well as the therapeutic techniques available for these situations. These elements are the basis of the management of spontaneous esophageal rupture, which involves adapting and customizing the treatment for each patient.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15192463","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T13:30:03Z","timestamp":1758893403000},"page":"2463","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Boerhaave Syndrome\u2014Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Dragos","family":"Predescu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Esophageal and General Surgery, Sf. Maria Clinical Hospital, 011192 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0095-494X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florin","family":"Achim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Esophageal and General Surgery, Sf. Maria Clinical Hospital, 011192 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2155-1808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bogdan","family":"Socea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Sf. Pantelimon Clinical Emergency Hospital, 021659 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandru","family":"Rotariu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Esophageal and General Surgery, Sf. Maria Clinical Hospital, 011192 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex-Claudiu","family":"Moraru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Esophageal and General Surgery, Sf. Maria Clinical Hospital, 011192 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Rasuceanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Esophageal and General Surgery, Sf. Maria Clinical Hospital, 011192 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Constantin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Sf. Maria Clinical Hospital, 011192 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristian Gelu","family":"Rosianu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Sf. Maria Clinical Hospital, 011192 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Constantin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Esophageal and General Surgery, Sf. 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