{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T00:22:21Z","timestamp":1760574141764,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":157,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760400000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: As an extremely sensitive organ, particularly during in utero development, the brain has intrinsic systems to reduce the risk of cerebral damage in cases of insult, such as energy deprivation, due to a mechanism of positive balance in cerebral oxygen\u2013energy substrate demand and supply. This mechanism is called cerebral autoregulation and is present in both the fetal and adult brain. The inaccessibility of the fetal brain to currently available measurement techniques limits its knowledge. Physiological and pathological alterations of fetal cerebral blood flow (CBF) can be assessed during the latter half of pregnancy using sonographic Doppler studies. The limited studies on this subject suggest a potential role for Doppler assessment of the fetal internal carotid artery. Objective: This article reviews the concept of CBF autoregulation and the role of fetal Doppler studies in various brain vascular territories in clinical practice. Methods: A PubMed search was performed, and 156 English articles were used as references in this bibliographic review, published between January 1996 and December 2021. Results: The study of fetal CBF involves indirect observation; the fetal brain constantly changes its characteristics towards complete maturation, which will be fully accomplished only after birth, and the maternal environment influences this process. Conclusions: Doppler study of the internal cerebral artery might be useful in clinical practice. However, technical issues for its study are not established, there are no reference curves, and studies on its clinical value have limited applicability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15202592","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T06:06:32Z","timestamp":1760508392000},"page":"2592","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fetal Cerebral Blood Flow (Dys)autoregulation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4752-9767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristiana","family":"Moreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento da Mulher e da Medicina Reprodutiva, Centro Materno Infantil do Norte, Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Santo Ant\u00f3nio, Largo Prof. Abel Salazar, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Unidade de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Forma\u00e7\u00e3o, Centro Materno Infantil do Norte, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0491-0752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Guedes-Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento da Mulher e da Medicina Reprodutiva, Centro Materno Infantil do Norte, Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Santo Ant\u00f3nio, Largo Prof. Abel Salazar, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Unidade de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Forma\u00e7\u00e3o, Centro Materno Infantil do Norte, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.3325\/cmj.2014.55.306","article-title":"The embryonic bloodcerebrospinal fluid barrier function before the formation of the fetal choroid plexus: Role in cerebrospinal fluid formation and homeostasis","volume":"55","author":"Bueno","year":"2014","journal-title":"Croat. 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