{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:02:06Z","timestamp":1792789326598,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2023YFC3604400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFC3604400"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82302739"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82302739"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Key Clinical Projects of the hospital","award":["BYSYZD2023048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BYSYZD2023048"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nanogenerators (NGs), especially triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), represent an emerging technology with great potential for self-powered lumbar motion monitoring. Conventional wearable systems for assessing spinal kinematics are often limited by their reliance on external power supplies, hindering long-term and real-time clinical applications. NGs can convert biomechanical energy from lumbar motion into electrical energy, providing both sensing and power-generation capabilities in a single platform. This review summarizes the fundamental working mechanisms, device architectures, and current progress of NG-based motion monitoring technologies, with a particular focus on their applications in lumbar spine research and clinical rehabilitation. By enabling high-sensitivity, continuous, and battery-free monitoring, NG-based systems may enhance the diagnosis and management of low back pain (LBP) and postoperative recovery assessment. Furthermore, the integration of NGs with wearable electronics, the Internet of Things (IoT), and artificial intelligence (AI) holds promise for developing intelligent, self-sustaining monitoring platforms that bridge biomedical engineering and spine medicine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15202657","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T14:24:02Z","timestamp":1761056642000},"page":"2657","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Application of Nanogenerators in Lumbar Motion Monitoring: Fundamentals, Current Status, and Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yudong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic Department, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China"},{"name":"Orthopedic Department, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, No. 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China"},{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, No. 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongbin","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopedic Department, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junhao","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopedic Department, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianchang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopedic Department, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shini","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopedic Department, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuoran","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic Department, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, No. 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, 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