{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T18:08:51Z","timestamp":1762452531636,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Brown tumors (BTs) are rare osteolytic lesions that typically occur in association with primary or secondary hyperparathyroidism (PHP and SHP). Excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone induces increased bone resorption, resulting in lesions characterized by fibrosis, vascularization, and hemosiderin deposition. The most common sites include the jaws, ribs, pelvis, and long bones. Clinical manifestations may involve pain, swelling, or pathological fractures. We present the case of a mandibular BT in a 48-year-old female with chronic renal failure and secondary hyperparathyroidism. The patient exhibited progressive mandibular swelling with radiological features resembling an aggressive odontogenic or malignant lesion. Laboratory analysis confirmed markedly elevated parathyroid hormone levels, while scintigraphy demonstrated increased focal uptake in the mandible and ribs. Histopathological evaluation revealed multinucleated giant cells within a fibrous stroma, consistent with BT. Despite initiation of systemic endocrine therapy, the lesion continued to enlarge, necessitating complete surgical excision of the mandibular mass. This case underscores the diagnostic dilemmas of mandibular BT, which may closely mimic aggressive jaw pathologies. Importantly, while many BTs regress after systemic management of hyperparathyroidism, this case illustrates that surgical excision may be unavoidable in patients with unstable systemic status or progressive local disease. Comprehensive clinical, radiological, laboratory, and histopathological evaluation remains essential to ensure timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15212798","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T13:19:29Z","timestamp":1762348769000},"page":"2798","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mandibular Brown Tumor as a Result of Secondary Hyperparathyroidism\u2014Radiological and Clinical Pitfalls and Dilemmas"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0628-2419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00d6mer","family":"Uranbey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Ayd\u0131n Adnan Menderes University, Ayd\u0131n 09100, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Furkan","family":"Diri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Ayd\u0131n Adnan Menderes University, Ayd\u0131n 09100, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1031-6853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B\u00fc\u015fra","family":"Ekinci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ayd\u0131n Adnan Menderes University, Ayd\u0131n 09100, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8180-948X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Gontarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Cracow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Kuropka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Wroc\u0142aw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Cypriana K. Norwida 25, 50-375 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2368-1534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maciej","family":"Dobrzy\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Preclinical Dentistry, Wroc\u0142aw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4215-0798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamil","family":"Nelke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Department, Angelus Silesius Academy of Applied Sciences in Wa\u0142brzych, Zamkowa 4, 58-300 Wa\u0142brzych, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"e56153","article-title":"Primary hyperparathyroidism with brown tumor of the mandible misdiagnosed as a giant cell tumor: A case report","volume":"16","author":"Hussain","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.4103\/ams.ams_232_18","article-title":"Management of central giant cell granulomas of the jaws: An unusual case report with critical appraisal of existing literature","volume":"9","author":"Jeyaraj","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. 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