{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T05:34:24Z","timestamp":1763012064651,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762819200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2022R1A2C2010148"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022R1A2C2010148"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI), funded by the Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea","award":["RS-2020-KH088690","RS-2024-00440671"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2020-KH088690","RS-2024-00440671"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Clinical Significance: Endobronchial leiomyoma is a rare benign tumor of the respiratory tract, accounting for less than 2% of all benign pulmonary neoplasms. Most cases have been treated surgically or with endoscopic modalities such as laser or rigid bronchoscopy-assisted cryotherapy. Flexible bronchoscopic cryoextraction has been rarely reported, typically with 2.2-mm probes. Small-caliber cryoprobes (1.1- and 1.7-mm) have been validated for diagnostic transbronchial cryobiopsy but not for therapeutic removal of leiomyoma. We report a case of complete removal of endobronchial leiomyoma using a 1.7-mm cryoprobe via flexible bronchoscopy, demonstrating full airway and physiologic recovery. Case Presentation: A 25-year-old never-smoking man was referred after an abnormal health-screening chest radiograph demonstrated right middle and lower lobe atelectasis. Chest CT revealed a mass obstructing the proximal bronchus intermedius. Spirometry showed reduced FEV1 and FVC with preserved FEV1\/FVC ratio, consistent with central airway obstruction. Therapeutic flexible bronchoscopy (Olympus BF-1TQ290) was performed under endotracheal intubation. Initial forceps biopsies were followed by transbronchial cryobiopsy with a 1.7-mm cryoprobe, applied for five freeze\u2013adhesion cycles. The mass detached en bloc and was retrieved without complications, resulting in complete airway recanalization and visualization of the right middle and lower lobe bronchi. Histopathology showed interlacing fascicles of bland spindle cells with cigar-shaped nuclei, positive for SMA and desmin and negative for S-100 and CD34, confirming leiomyoma. The patient was discharged the next day. At one-year follow-up, bronchoscopy and CT demonstrated no recurrence, and spirometry normalized. Conclusions: Reports combining flexible bronchoscopy with a 1.7-mm small-caliber cryoprobe for en bloc removal of endobronchial leiomyoma are rare. This technique may represent a minimally invasive option for selected cases, provided careful hemostatic planning and appropriate case selection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15222850","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T10:56:27Z","timestamp":1762858587000},"page":"2850","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Flexible Bronchoscopic En Bloc Cryoextraction of Endobronchial Leiomyoma Using a 1.7-mm Cryoprobe: A Case Report with One-Year Follow-Up"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3978-0484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chaeuk","family":"Chung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7329-1724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dongil","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.40.4.306","article-title":"Leiomyomas of the lower respiratory tract","volume":"40","author":"White","year":"1985","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"101467","article-title":"Endobronchial leiomyoma: A case report with cryoprobe extraction and review of literature","volume":"33","author":"Bawaadam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Respir. 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Dis."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.102.5.1436","article-title":"Initial combined cryotherapy and irradiation for unresectable non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"102","author":"Vergnon","year":"1992","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1097\/LBR.0000000000000917","article-title":"Diagnostic value of transbronchial lung cryobiopsy using an ultrathin cryoprobe and guide sheath for peripheral pulmonary lesions","volume":"31","author":"Chung","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Bronchol. Interv. Pulmonol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tanaka, M., Matsumoto, Y., Imabayashi, T., Kawahara, T., and Tsuchida, T. (2022). Diagnostic value of a new cryoprobe for peripheral pulmonary lesions: A prospective study. BMC Pulm. Med., 22.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-022-02003-0"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s13000-025-01644-z","article-title":"Complete resolution of non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary nodule following cryobiopsy: The first case report","volume":"20","author":"Han","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diagn. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijtb.2020.02.010","article-title":"Rare case of bronchoscopic debulking of endobronchial leiomyoma","volume":"67","author":"Arbat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J. Tuberc."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70124","DOI":"10.1002\/rcr2.70124","article-title":"Endobronchial leiomyoma presenting as post-obstructive pneumonia","volume":"13","author":"Ng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Respirol. Case Rep."}],"container-title":["Diagnostics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/15\/22\/2850\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T05:29:59Z","timestamp":1763011799000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/15\/22\/2850"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"22","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["diagnostics15222850"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics15222850","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4418"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2075-4418"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]]}}}