{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T21:08:22Z","timestamp":1793826502168,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]],"date-time":"2025-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Vice Deanship of Scientific Research Chairs, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Research Chair of Epidemiology and Public Health"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a significant diagnostic and public health challenge worldwide. Despite widespread vaccination, underdiagnosis persists among adults in Saudi Arabia. This study estimated HBV prevalence and identified sociodemographic, clinical, and behavioral predictors relevant to improving targeted diagnostic screening. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 1196 Saudi adults aged \u226518 years was conducted between September 2024 and February 2025 using a structured questionnaire. Data on demographics, clinical history, and behavioral exposures were analyzed using chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression to identify independent determinants of HBV infection. Results: The study included 1196 adults (60.0% female, mean age 31 \u00b1 12 years). HBV prevalence was 2.0% (95% CI: 1.3\u20133.0%). Independent predictors included divorced\/widowed marital status (OR = 3.99, p = 0.023), diabetes mellitus (OR = 3.59, p = 0.039), family history of HBV (OR = 2.55, p &lt; 0.001), and massage exposure (OR = 3.99, p = 0.025). No significant associations were found with gender, education, or transfusion history. Conclusions: HBV infection persists among high-risk Saudi adults despite immunization success. Integrating HBV testing into diabetes care, premarital and household screening, and regulation of personal care services may enhance early diagnosis and advance national elimination goals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15233050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T15:31:46Z","timestamp":1764689506000},"page":"3050","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Prevalence and Diagnostic Determinants of Hepatitis B Infection Among Saudi Adults: Implications for Targeted Screening and Early Detection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Mohammad A.","family":"Jareebi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali A.","family":"Awam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jubail 31951, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2333-2876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dhiyaa A. H.","family":"Otayf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saja A.","family":"Almraysi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Israa H.","family":"Alqamaryat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jubail 31951, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amaal A.","family":"Alghamdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jubail 31951, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1457-3064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Majed A.","family":"Ryani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed A.","family":"Bahri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0841-6724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdulwahab A.","family":"Aqeeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamaludeen A.","family":"Othman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jazan University Hospital, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8489-5997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adhari A.","family":"Alselmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Sciences Department, MBBS Program Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah 21461, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farjah H.","family":"Algahtani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncology Center, Epidemiology and Public Health Research Chair, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University\/King Saud Medical City, Riyadh 12373, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5025-8136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hani A.","family":"Alghamdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 12373, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghazi I. Al","family":"Jowf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University Medical Clinics Complex, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf 37912, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aisha H.","family":"Majrashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jazan Health Cluster, Southern Sector, Primary Health Care Center, Ramadah, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1802","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.3795","article-title":"Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection: A Review","volume":"319","author":"Tang","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S389853","article-title":"Global Patterns and Trends in Total Burden of Hepatitis B Virus from 1990 to 2019 and Predictions to 2030","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. 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