{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T15:52:43Z","timestamp":1764690763958,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]],"date-time":"2025-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Previously unreported, the induction of the magnet mode is time-dependent, according to the cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) manufacturer, directly after device interrogation. The aim of this study was to systematically investigate the response of CIED from all major manufacturers to the application of a magnet. Methods: CIED from all manufacturers were utilized and connected to an interactive heart simulator (InterSim III, IB Lang). After the end of CIED interrogation, a CIED magnet was placed over the device, and the response was analyzed. Results: Fifteen ICD and eight pacemakers were included. ICDs from the manufacturers Abbott, Boston Scientific, Medtronic and Microport reacted immediately to magnet application by inhibiting antitachycardia function directly after interrogation. In the Biotronik ICD, the magnet mode was only inducible five to seven minutes after the end of the interrogation. In addition, after eight hours of magnet application, the antitachycardia function was automatically and permanently reactivated in all Biotronik ICDs. Pacemakers of Biotronik, Abbott, Boston Scientific, and Microport responded immediately after device interrogation regarding the magnet application. In contrast, Medtronic pacemakers responded only 1.5 min after device interrogation. Conclusions: Magnet mode induction directly after CIED interrogation is manufacturer-specific. Our findings might be of importance when performing invasive procedures with devices that cause electrical interference and in palliative care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15233056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T15:31:46Z","timestamp":1764689506000},"page":"3056","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["When the All-Purpose Tool Fails: Manufacturer-Specific Time Dependency of Magnet Mode in Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1400-6254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabienne","family":"Kreimer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Cardiology II: Electrophysiology, University Hospital Munster, 48149 Munster, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dennis","family":"Korthals","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Cardiology II: Electrophysiology, University Hospital Munster, 48149 Munster, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Wolfes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Cardiology II: Electrophysiology, University Hospital Munster, 48149 Munster, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9172-296X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Ellermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Cardiology II: Electrophysiology, University Hospital Munster, 48149 Munster, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5237-6283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florian","family":"Doldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Cardiology II: Electrophysiology, University Hospital Munster, 48149 Munster, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1431-9886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerrit","family":"Frommeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Cardiology II: Electrophysiology, University Hospital Munster, 48149 Munster, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Reinke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Cardiology II: Electrophysiology, University Hospital Munster, 48149 Munster, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3735-8503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lars","family":"Eckardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Cardiology II: Electrophysiology, University Hospital Munster, 48149 Munster, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9087-645X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felix K.","family":"Wegner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Cardiology II: Electrophysiology, University Hospital Munster, 48149 Munster, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u00d6zkartal, T., Demarchi, A., Caputo, M.L., Baldi, E., Conte, G., and Auricchio, A. (2022). Perioperative Management of Patients with Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices and Utility of Magnet Application. J. Clin. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11030691"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eur137","article-title":"Clinical applications of magnets on cardiac rhythm management devices","volume":"13","author":"Jacob","year":"2011","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2024.06.013","article-title":"2024 AHA\/ACC\/ACS\/ASNC\/HRS\/SCA\/SCCT\/SCMR\/SVM Guideline for Perioperative Cardiovascular Management for Noncardiac Surgery: A Report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines","volume":"84","author":"Thompson","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euac040","article-title":"EHRA consensus on prevention and management of interference due to medical procedures in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices","volume":"24","author":"Burri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2025.02.025","article-title":"Effects of handheld electro-shockers on cardiac implantable electronic devices","volume":"22","author":"Wegner","year":"2025","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wegner, F.K., Korthals, D., Kreimer, F., Wolfes, J., Ellermann, C., Doldi, F., Martinovic, M., Kittl, C., Frommeyer, G., and Eckardt, L. (2025, January 27). Preventing smartphone induction of ICD and pacemaker magnet mode. Proceedings of the 91st Annual Meeting of the German Cardiac Society Clin Res Cardiol, Online.","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euaf170"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2019.02.034","article-title":"2019 HRS\/EHRA\/APHRS\/LAHRS focused update to 2015 expert consensus statement on optimal implantable cardioverter-defibrillator programming and testing","volume":"17","author":"Stiles","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e31829003a1","article-title":"Case report: Use caution when applying magnets to pacemakers or defibrillators for surgery","volume":"117","author":"Schulman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3427","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.03.001","article-title":"Perioperative Interrogation of Biotronik Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Devices: A Guide for Anesthesiologists","volume":"33","author":"Cronin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emc.2015.05.001","article-title":"Emergency Care of Patients with Pacemakers and Defibrillators","volume":"33","author":"Allison","year":"2015","journal-title":"Emerg. Med. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-023-03227-6","article-title":"Complications related to pacemakers and other cardiac implantable electronic devices: Essentials for internists and emergency physicians","volume":"18","author":"Arcinas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Intern. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrcr.2023.07.025","article-title":"Unusual response to magnet application: What is the Mechanism?","volume":"9","author":"Ghosh","year":"2023","journal-title":"HeartRhythm Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1111\/pace.12990","article-title":"ICD-ON Registry for Perioperative Management of CIEDs: Most Require No Change","volume":"40","author":"Gifford","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1536","DOI":"10.1111\/pace.13514","article-title":"Comparison of perioperative strategies in ICD patients: The perioperative ICD management study (PIM study)","volume":"41","author":"Neubauer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-019-01589-6","article-title":"Correction to: Electromagnetic interference in implantable cardioverter defibrillators: Present but rare","volume":"109","author":"Rondak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Res. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1111\/pace.12417","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial of perioperative ICD management: Magnet application versus reprogramming","volume":"37","author":"Gifford","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2010.04.033","article-title":"HRS Expert Consensus Statement on the Management of Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Devices (CIEDs) in patients nearing end of life or requesting withdrawal of therapy","volume":"7","author":"Lampert","year":"2010","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"}],"container-title":["Diagnostics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/15\/23\/3056\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T15:49:09Z","timestamp":1764690549000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/15\/23\/3056"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"23","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["diagnostics15233056"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics15233056","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4418"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-4418","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]]}}}