{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T11:54:23Z","timestamp":1765454063451,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neonatal pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a major cause of illness and death in newborns. Neonatologist-performed echocardiography (NPE) is increasingly used as a bedside tool to assess heart function, shunt patterns, and pulmonary blood flow in real time, helping clinicians better understand the severity and type of PH. This narrative review summarizes current evidence on the use of NPE in diagnosing, monitoring, and treating neonatal PH, drawing on clinical studies, guidelines, and expert recommendations. NPE provides key diagnostic and therapeutic information, including evaluation of ventricular function, estimation of pulmonary pressures, and assessment of shunt direction. Advanced measures\u2014such as tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), myocardial performance index, pulmonary artery acceleration time (PAAT), and deformation imaging\u2014improve accuracy and help guide therapies like inhaled nitric oxide, milrinone, and sildenafil. NPE is also useful in chronic conditions such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)- and congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH)-associated PH. Despite its clear clinical value, NPE use remains limited by variations in training, protocols, and resource availability. Standardized curricula, accreditation, and unified reporting practices are needed to ensure safe, consistent integration of NPE into neonatal care pathways.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15243154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T11:17:27Z","timestamp":1765451847000},"page":"3154","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Neonatologist-Performed Echocardiography in Neonatal Pulmonary Hypertension: A Narrative Review of the Literature"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8060-9742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna Chiara","family":"Titolo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Clinic, Parma University Hospital, 43126 Parma, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mandy","family":"Ferrocino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Clinic, Parma University Hospital, 43126 Parma, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Biagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Clinic, Parma University Hospital, 43126 Parma, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Rizzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Clinic, Parma University Hospital, 43126 Parma, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hajrie","family":"Seferi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Clinic, Parma University Hospital, 43126 Parma, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Dell\u2019Orto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy"},{"name":"Neonatology Unit, Parma University Hospital, 43126 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5478-5657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serafina","family":"Perrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy"},{"name":"Neonatology Unit, Parma University Hospital, 43126 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4103-2837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susanna","family":"Esposito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Clinic, Parma University Hospital, 43126 Parma, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2023.11.006","article-title":"Targeted Neonatal Echocardiography in the Management of Neonatal Pulmonary Hypertension","volume":"51","author":"Boyd","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. 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