{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T18:16:15Z","timestamp":1791483375803,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Corneal diseases are a leading cause of blindness worldwide, although their early detection remains challenging due to subtle clinical presentations. Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have shown promising diagnostic performance for anterior segment disorders. This narrative review summarizes current applications of AI in the detection of corneal conditions\u2014including keratoconus (KC), dry eye disease (DED), infectious keratitis (IK), pterygium, Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD), and corneal transplantation. Many AI models report high accuracy on test datasets, comparable to, and in some studies exceeding, that of junior ophthalmologists. In addition to detection, AI systems can automate image labeling and support education and patient home monitoring. These findings highlight the potential of AI to improve early management and standardized classification of corneal diseases, supporting clinical practice and patient self-care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15243199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T13:32:37Z","timestamp":1765805557000},"page":"3199","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Artificial Intelligence Application in Cornea and External Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Te-Chen","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2175-7139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chun-Hao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116081, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5662-2800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I-Chan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116081, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5117","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-89768-6","article-title":"Artificial Intelligence Support Improves Diagnosis Accuracy in Anterior Segment Eye Diseases","volume":"15","author":"Maehara","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. 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