{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T05:36:17Z","timestamp":1767072977634,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766707200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003810","name":"Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2022-0098"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-0098"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003810","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004263","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22\/2551-0000600-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22\/2551-0000600-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004263","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["311009\/2025-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["311009\/2025-5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The development of safe and effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 was crucial for controlling COVID-19 and establishing long-lasting immune memory in the population. Methods: This study evaluated cellular immune memory in individuals vaccinated with different regimens in Rio Grande do Sul using flow cytometry. Additionally, the rs2228059 polymorphism in the IL15RA gene was genotyped. A total of 62 participants were randomly recruited. Results: A decrease in memory T cell subsets in response to SARS-CoV-2 stimuli was observed in total CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells. Regarding the timing of the last vaccine dose, 94.4% of participants had received their final COVID-19 vaccination at least two years prior to recruitment. The rs2228059 polymorphism was genotyped in 443 individuals from the Rio Grande do Sul population. Among participants who received the ChAdOx1\/ChAdOx1\/BNT162b2 vaccination regimen and carried the TT genotype, an increase in CD8+ naive, CD8+ effector and CD4+ naive subsets was observed in stimulated cells. Although preliminary, the results suggest no major differences between vaccination regimens. Conclusions: The progressive reduction in memory T cell counts supports the need for booster doses, which is essential not only in the context of new emerging variants but also especially to maintain adequate cellular immune protection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics16010089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T08:47:27Z","timestamp":1766998047000},"page":"89","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cellular Immunological Memory T Cells and IL15RA Gene Polymorphism in COVID-19 Vaccinated Individuals from Southern Brazil"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3881-6526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grazielle Motta","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90010-150, Brazil"},{"name":"Genomic Medicine Laboratory, Porto Alegre Clinical Hospital, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6911-8803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P\u00e2mela Portela","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Diagnostic Service, Porto Alegre Clinical Hospital, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Clara de Freitas","family":"Pinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomic Medicine Laboratory, Porto Alegre Clinical Hospital, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ta\u00eds da Silveira","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomic Medicine Laboratory, Porto Alegre Clinical Hospital, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2563-9487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernanda","family":"de Paris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Diagnostic Service, Porto Alegre Clinical Hospital, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5948-472X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabr\u00edcio Souza","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90010-150, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9533-9562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arthur Bandeira de Mello","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomic Medicine Laboratory, Porto Alegre Clinical Hospital, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucas Fernandes","family":"Jata\u00ed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomic Medicine Laboratory, Porto Alegre Clinical Hospital, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5093-4739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia","family":"Ashton-Prolla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Genetics Service, Porto Alegre Clinical Hospital, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6339-4869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernanda Sales Luiz","family":"Vianna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90010-150, Brazil"},{"name":"Genomic Medicine Laboratory, Porto Alegre Clinical Hospital, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1728-4770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cl\u00e9via","family":"Rosset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90010-150, Brazil"},{"name":"Genomic Medicine Laboratory, Porto Alegre Clinical Hospital, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-020-05955-1","article-title":"COVID-19: A novel coronavirus and a novel challenge for critical care","volume":"46","author":"Arabi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2025, January 15). 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