{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T11:47:39Z","timestamp":1788868059672,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Depression and anxiety are highly prevalent among medical students and may adversely affect academic functioning and professional development. Early identification of these symptoms and their associated factors is therefore essential. Religiosity has been suggested as a potential modifier of mental health outcomes, although existing evidence remains inconsistent. This study aimed to assess symptoms of depression and anxiety, levels of religiosity, and their associations among medical students. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students at the University of Osijek, Croatia, from 29 September to 5 October 2025. Anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale, depressive symptoms using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and religiosity using the Duke University Religion Index (DUREL). Results: A total of 260 students (197 females, 63 males) completed the survey. At least mild depressive and anxiety symptoms were reported by 54.2% and 58.1%, respectively; 9.2% had moderately severe or severe depression, and 25% reported moderate to severe anxiety. Suicidal or self-harm ideation in the past two weeks occurred in 12.8%. Female students had higher median depression (p = 0.01) and anxiety scores (p = 0.005) than male students; however, these differences did not remain statistically significant after Bonferroni correction. Religiosity was not associated with PHQ-9 or GAD-7 scores after correction; however, categorical analyses indicated that students with moderate to high religiosity more frequently reported moderate to severe depressive symptoms (p = 0.037). Conclusions: The high prevalence of depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation underscores the need for continuous mental health screening, early identification of risk factors, and implementation of preventive programs among the student population, particularly medical students as future healthcare professionals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics16010172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T10:53:50Z","timestamp":1767610430000},"page":"172","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Assessment of Anxiety and Depression Symptoms Among Medical Students and Their Association with Religiosity: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3025-6870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stipe","family":"Vidovi\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"},{"name":"Clinic for Eye Diseases, Clinical Hospital Centre Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1517-720X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zenon","family":"Pogoreli\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1150-8742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marija","family":"Oluji\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Pe\u0161ikan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ena","family":"Kolak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivana","family":"Groznica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4450-2657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marija","family":"Jeli\u0107 Vukovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"},{"name":"Clinic for Eye Diseases, Clinical Hospital Centre Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7269-3534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dubravka","family":"Biuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"},{"name":"Clinic for Eye Diseases, Clinical Hospital Centre Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6770-7359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marija","family":"Heffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2199-4043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dunja","family":"Degme\u010di\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"},{"name":"Psychiatric Clinic, Clinical Hospital Centre Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02143-7","article-title":"Global Prevalence and Burden of Depressive and Anxiety Disorders in 204 Countries and Territories in 2020 Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic","volume":"398","author":"Santomauro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"World Health Organisation (WHO) (2025, October 15). 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