{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T19:51:02Z","timestamp":1791229862226,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768003200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Periodontal inflammation is a key feature of periodontal diseases, but traditional diagnostic methods are limited by invasiveness and radiation exposure. This systematic review aims to evaluate the potential of thermography and infrared spectroscopy for the in vivo detection of periodontal inflammation and to assess their reliability for clinical use. Methods: In accordance with PRISMA guidelines, an electronic search of the MEDLINE (PubMed) database was conducted to identify relevant studies published between 2000 and October 2025 that investigated these imaging modalities in periodontal inflammation diagnosis. Results: The search identified 310 records; after exclusions, 13 studies were included, comprising 7 thermography studies and 6 infrared spectroscopy studies, for a total of 712 patients. The included studies demonstrated the feasibility of thermography and infrared spectroscopy for detecting inflammatory changes in periodontal tissues in vivo. These non-invasive imaging techniques may help overcome the limitations of conventional clinical and radiographic diagnostic methods, particularly invasiveness and exposure to ionizing radiation. Conclusions: This field remains underexplored, and further studies are required to validate diagnostic performance, standardize methodologies, and determine their clinical applicability in routine periodontal practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics16020222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T07:30:34Z","timestamp":1768203034000},"page":"222","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Thermography and Infrared Spectroscopy in the Detection of Periodontal Inflammation In Vivo: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Heythem Nassim","family":"Guetatlia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"N2Cox U1069 INSERM, Tours University, 37032 Tours, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mickael","family":"Gette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N2Cox U1069 INSERM, Tours University, 37032 Tours, France"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Bucco-Dental Surgery, Tours University Hospital, 37044 Tours, France"},{"name":"Faculty of Odontology, Tours University, 37032 Tours, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Estrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N2Cox U1069 INSERM, Tours University, 37032 Tours, France"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Bucco-Dental Surgery, Tours University Hospital, 37044 Tours, France"},{"name":"Faculty of Odontology, Tours University, 37032 Tours, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Rimbaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Bucco-Dental Surgery, Tours University Hospital, 37044 Tours, France"},{"name":"Faculty of Odontology, Tours University, 37032 Tours, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Denis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Bucco-Dental Surgery, Tours University Hospital, 37044 Tours, France"},{"name":"Faculty of Odontology, Tours University, 37032 Tours, France"},{"name":"EA 75-05 Education, Ethique, Sant\u00e9, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 Franc\u0327ois-Rabelais, 37000 Tours, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6428-3570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ga\u00ebl Y.","family":"Rochefort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N2Cox U1069 INSERM, Tours University, 37032 Tours, France"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Bucco-Dental Surgery, Tours University Hospital, 37044 Tours, France"},{"name":"Faculty of Odontology, Tours University, 37032 Tours, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3517-6343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthieu","family":"Renaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N2Cox U1069 INSERM, Tours University, 37032 Tours, France"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Bucco-Dental Surgery, Tours University Hospital, 37044 Tours, France"},{"name":"Faculty of Odontology, Tours University, 37032 Tours, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S68","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12940","article-title":"Periodontal health and gingival diseases and conditions on an intact and a reduced periodontium: Consensus report of workgroup 1 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions","volume":"45","author":"Chapple","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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