{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T10:33:03Z","timestamp":1768386783939,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768176000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82102074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82102074"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the Clinical Research Award of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University","award":["XJTU1AF-CRF-2023-025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XJTU1AF-CRF-2023-025"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Clinical Significance: Hepatic sarcoidosis is a benign lesion of unknown etiology. The gold standard for diagnosing hepatic sarcoidosis is histopathological examination. The symptoms and imaging findings of patients with hepatic sarcoidosis are often atypical, leading to misdiagnosis as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Ultrasound resolution microscopy (URM) can overcome the diffraction limit, enabling fine visualization and quantitative analysis of the microvascular networks. This study aimed to provide new evidence for the differential diagnosis of these two diseases by comparing the URM parameters of hepatic sarcoidosis initially misdiagnosed as HCC with those of HCC. Case Presentation: A 67-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital due to upper abdominal pain for two weeks. Ultrasonography revealed a liver mass. The lesion was located in segment IV of the left hepatic lobe, was approximately 18 \u00d7 10 mm in size, and appeared hypoechoic. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound and enhanced magnetic resonance imaging both showed a \u201cfast-in, fast-out\u201d pattern, strongly suggesting HCC. The tumor markers were within the normal range. The patient underwent a laparoscopic left hepatic lobectomy. The histopathological diagnosis of the resected specimen was \u201chepatic sarcoidosis\u201d. URM examination was performed during the preoperative diagnostic process. Subsequently, the URM parameters of the patient\u2019s lesion were analyzed and compared with those of HCC. The results showed differences in multiple URM parameters, including microvascular flow velocity, diameter, microvascular density ratio, and vascular distribution, between this case of hepatic sarcoidosis and HCC. Conclusions: URM can quantitatively and multidimensionally evaluate the microvasculature of liver lesions, providing new reference data for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of hepatic sarcoidosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics16020238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T08:20:37Z","timestamp":1768206037000},"page":"238","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Case of Misdiagnosed Hepatic Sarcoidosis: Evaluating Ultrasound Resolution Microscopy for Differentiating Hepatic Sarcoidosis from Hepatocellular Carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Road, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazushi","family":"Numata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Numata Clinic, Bandobashi 4-56, Akebono-cho, Naka-ku, Yokohama 231-0057, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jintian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenbin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VINNO Technology Company Ltd., Suzhou 215100, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5278-4420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feiqian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Road, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S\u00e8ve, P., Pacheco, Y., Durupt, F., Jamilloux, Y., Gerfaud-Valentin, M., Isaac, S., Boussel, L., Calender, A., Androdias, G., and Valeyre, D. 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