{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T15:06:34Z","timestamp":1787238394315,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan","award":["2019SKHADR029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019SKHADR029"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Intraoral scanners (IOSs) are essential tools in digital dentistry; however, their accuracy remains influenced by clinical conditions such as restricted access, patient movement, or intraoral moisture. Intraoral scanning is performed within a confined space that restricts scanner motion, potentially influencing maneuverability during data acquisition and, consequently, IOS performance. This study investigated the impact of maneuverability constraints on the trueness accuracy and efficiency of IOS under clinically representative intraoral conditions. Methods: Fifteen participants with no previous experience in intraoral scanning or device operation were recruited. Each participant scanned a maxillary full-dentition typodont model and a mandibular implant-containing typodont model using the Aoralscan 3 IOS. Scans were performed under two conditions: constrained intraoral scanning within a manikin and open-vision extraoral scanning on a bench-top. Trueness accuracy was evaluated using three parameters: the root mean square (RMS) deviation of the maxillary dentition, discrepancies in inter\u2013scan body distances, and angular deviations of the scan bodies, each calculated by comparison with reference data obtained from an industrial-grade scanner. Scan time was recorded to assess time-based efficiency. Results: No significant differences were observed in RMS trueness, inter-implant distances, or implant angular deviations between intraoral and extraoral scans. Extraoral scanning significantly reduced scan times for both maxillary and mandibular models (p &lt; 0.0001). Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, maneuverability constraints alone may not significantly affect IOS trueness accuracy compared with open bench-top scanning. However, scanning efficiency was reduced under intraoral scanning constraints, with longer scan times observed among inexperienced operators. The potential influence of intraoral factors other than maneuverability on IOS accuracy under clinical conditions warrants further investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics16030501","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T13:33:50Z","timestamp":1770384830000},"page":"501","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Impact of Maneuverability Constraints on Intraoral Scanner Performance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3132-3641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chieh-Ming","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 111, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9441-6784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei-Chun","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Dentistry, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiao-Yun","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 111, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chian-Chuen","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4937-6741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chia-Cheng","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 111, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"101","article-title":"Accuracy of Intraoral Scanners: A Systematic Review of Influencing Factors","volume":"26","author":"Tomita","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. 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