{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T23:08:05Z","timestamp":1774566485304,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770508800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Atypical femoral fractures (AFFs) are rare but increasingly recognised complications associated with prolonged bisphosphonate therapy. We present the imaging findings of a 64-year-old postmenopausal woman who developed bilateral femoral shaft stress injuries following long-term (4 years) alendronate use. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated Grade 3 stress injuries consistent with early incomplete atypical femoral fractures, with lateral cortical involvement and surrounding marrow oedema that preceded fracture completion. Radiographs confirmed an atypical transverse fracture pattern with lateral cortical beaking and minimal comminution. This case highlights the diagnostic value of MRI in detecting early stress-related changes prior to fracture completion, particularly in patients receiving antiresorptive therapy who present with prodromal thigh pain. Recognition of these imaging features is essential for early diagnosis, appropriate modification of osteoporosis treatment, and timely surgical intervention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics16040510","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T10:45:31Z","timestamp":1770633931000},"page":"510","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Bilateral Femoral Shaft Fractures Associated with Long-Term Bisphosphonate Therapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9582-9142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Symeon","family":"Naoum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading RG1 5AN, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sam","family":"Nahas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading RG1 5AN, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Duncan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading RG1 5AN, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8350-9069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charalampos","family":"Matzaroglou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0783-5700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikolaos-Achilleas","family":"Arkoudis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Radiology and Medical Imaging, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Second Department of Radiology, General University Hospital \u201cAttikon\u201d, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4831-8005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Piagkou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1398-9626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christos","family":"Koutserimpas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-018-4704-5","article-title":"European guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women","volume":"30","author":"Kanis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.185.1.01850166","article-title":"MRI findings of femoral diaphyseal stress injuries in athletes","volume":"185","author":"Hwang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. 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