{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T06:07:49Z","timestamp":1770962869148,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100030680","name":"Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["PL-202208024-V"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PL-202208024-V"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100030680","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Dementia is an essential neurodegenerative disease with pathologic changes in the central nervous system, but also the retina. To evaluate the diagnostic performance of Spectralis optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mild dementia in an Asian population from Taiwan. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study evaluated 43 patients with MCI (mean deviation [MD]: \u22125.05 \u00b1 4.25 dB), 13 patients with mild dementia (MD: \u22129.03 \u00b1 6.66 dB), and 32 healthy controls (MD: \u22122.50 \u00b1 2.12 dB). OCT was performed on both eyes of each subject. The diagnostic sensitivity in identifying individuals with cognitive impairment of the Spectralis OCT parameters\u2014such as those of the optic nerve head and macula\u2014was compared across these groups. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for each parameter was calculated to assess its sensitivity in differentiating between healthy eyes and those of individuals with MCI or mild dementia. Results: Among the parameters evaluated, the Bruch\u2019s membrane opening minimum rim width (BMO-MRW) nasal inferior region (ACU = 0.720) was the optimal parameter for distinguishing individuals with MCI from healthy controls. However, the highest AUC of 0.861 was achieved through a combination of five parameters. In distinguishing individuals with mild dementia from healthy controls, the BMO-MRW temporal superior region (ACU = 0.764) was the optimal parameter, with an AUC of 0.940 after adjusting for age and MD. Moreover, the condition of the macular nerve fiber layer outer inferior parameter moderately predicted disease progression (AUC = 0.713). Conclusions: Our preliminary data demonstrate that Spectralis OCT shows potential in detecting MCI and mild dementia as well as for assessing disease progression in a Taiwanese population. Additional large-scale longitudinal and multiracial studies are essential to validate these findings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics16040534","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T09:15:12Z","timestamp":1770801312000},"page":"534","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Early Detection of Dementia Through Spectralis Optical Coherence Tomography in a Taiwanese Cohort"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Man Sze","family":"Wong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Education, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5171-2911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yung-Chuan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1060-9149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chao-Wei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cheng Ching Eye Center, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yue-Cune","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1972-0844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hsin-Yi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei City 24352, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 80756, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.22258","article-title":"Screening for Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force","volume":"323","author":"Patnode","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0755-1","article-title":"Plasma P-tau181 in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Relationship to other biomarkers, differential diagnosis, neuropathology and longitudinal progression to Alzheimer\u2019s dementia","volume":"26","author":"Janelidze","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. 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