{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T17:31:28Z","timestamp":1790875888203,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"DFG","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["494559609"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["494559609"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Short-wave infrared reflectance (SWIRR) imaging is a non-ionising approach for proximal caries detection; however, the diagnostic impact of wavelength selection in reflectance imaging has not been systematically evaluated. Methods: This in vitro diagnostic accuracy study assessed SWIRR at 1050, 1200, 1300 and 1550 nm for proximal caries detection, using micro-computed tomography as the reference standard and digital bitewing radiography (BWR) as the clinical comparator. A total of 250 extracted permanent posterior teeth with sound or carious proximal surfaces were examined. SWIRR and BWR images were independently evaluated twice by two calibrated examiners using method-specific criteria. Diagnostic performance was quantified by sensitivity, specificity and accuracy; examiner reliability was analysed using kappa statistics, and pairwise comparisons were performed using McNemar tests with Holm\u2013Bonferroni correction. Results: Diagnostic performance of SWIRR was wavelength dependent, showing increasing sensitivity and decreasing specificity with longer wavelengths. The highest overall accuracy was observed at 1050 nm (80.0%), exceeding that of BWR (73.8%) while maintaining comparable specificity and higher sensitivity. At 1550 nm, sensitivity was highest but accompanied by an increase in false-positive findings. Conclusions: SWIRR demonstrates high diagnostic potential for proximal caries detection, with 1050 nm providing the most favourable balance between diagnostic accuracy and specificity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics16040548","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T15:28:11Z","timestamp":1770910091000},"page":"548","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Short-Wave Infrared Reflectance at 1050\u20131550 nm for Proximal Caries Detection: An In Vitro Diagnostic Accuracy Study Validated by Micro-CT"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Friederike","family":"Litzenburger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Digital Dentistry, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl-Heinz","family":"Kunzelmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Digital Dentistry, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4802-2279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elias","family":"Walter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Digital Dentistry, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Falk","family":"Schwendicke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Digital Dentistry, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2273-3662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katrin","family":"Heck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Digital Dentistry, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-020-03078-z","article-title":"Near-infrared transillumination with high dynamic range imaging for occlusal caries detection in vitro","volume":"35","author":"Litzenburger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lasers Med. 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