{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T07:59:28Z","timestamp":1771919968210,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771632000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Education","award":["2025-RISE-01-007-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025-RISE-01-007-04"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: Global infertility rates are rapidly increasing. Assisted reproductive technologies combined with artificial intelligence are the next hope for overcoming infertility. In vitro fertilization (IVF) is gaining popularity owing to its increasing success rates. The success rate of IVF essentially depends on the assessment and inspection of blastocysts. Blastocysts can be segmented into several important compartments, and advanced and precise assessment of these compartments is strongly associated with successful pregnancies. However, currently, embryologists must manually analyze blastocysts, which is a time-consuming, subjective, and error-prone process. Several AI-based techniques, including segmentation, have been recently proposed to fill this gap. However, most existing methods rely only on raw grayscale intensity and do not perform well under challenging blastocyst image conditions, such as low contrast, similarity in textures, shape variability, and class imbalance. Methods: To overcome this limitation, we developed a novel and lightweight architecture, the microscopic multimodal interaction segmentation network (MiMics-Net), to accurately segment blastocyst components. MiMics-Net employs a multimodal blastocyst stem to decompose and process each frame into three modalities (photometric intensity, local textures, and directional orientation), followed by feature fusion to enhance segmentation performance. Moreover, MiMic dual-path grouped blocks have been designed, in which parallel-grouped convolutional paths are fused through point-wise convolutional layers to increase diverse learning. A lightweight refinement decoder is employed to refine and restore the spatial features while maintaining computational efficiency. Finally, semantic skip pathways are induced to transfer low- and mid-level spatial features after passing through the grouped and point-wise convolutional layers. Results\/Conclusions: MiMics-Net was evaluated using a publicly available human blastocyst dataset and achieved a Jaccard index score of 87.9% while requiring only 0.65 million trainable parameters.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics16040631","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T11:39:10Z","timestamp":1771846750000},"page":"631","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["MiMics-Net: A Multimodal Interaction Network for Blastocyst Component Segmentation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2240-2708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adnan","family":"Haider","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, College of Advanced Convergence Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, 30 Pildongro 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1868-5207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Arsalan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2219-0848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyungeun","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, College of Advanced Convergence Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, 30 Pildongro 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cegh.2020.08.008","article-title":"Prevalence and Potential Determinants of Primary Infertility in India: Evidence from Indian Demographic Health Survey","volume":"9","author":"Purkayastha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. 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