{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T05:19:25Z","timestamp":1790313565274,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Ocular trauma is a significant cause of monocular visual impairment and potential psychological morbidity. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in patients with mechanical ocular trauma and to investigate the predictive value of baseline clinical characteristics, specifically initial visual acuity. Methods: This retrospective study included 58 adult patients treated for mechanical ocular trauma. Sociodemographic data, injury mechanisms, and clinical variables, including initial visual acuity (LogMAR), ocular trauma score, and number of ocular surgeries, were analyzed. Psychological status was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and a PTSD checklist. Multivariate logistic regression and correlation analyses were performed to identify predictors of severe PTSD. Results: The cohort was predominantly male (86.2%) with a mean age of 42.5 years. Severe or very severe PTSD symptoms were identified in 35.1% of patients. Analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between initial visual acuity and PTSD scores (r = 0.273, p = 0.038). In the logistic regression model, initial visual acuity (LogMAR) demonstrated the highest odds ratio for severe PTSD in the multivariable model; however, this association did not reach statistical significance (OR = 2.164, 95% CI: 0.720\u20136.508, p = 0.169) and should therefore be interpreted as an exploratory trend rather than a confirmed predictor. Conclusions: Greater visual loss at the time of injury showed the strongest, although non-significant, association with subsequent PTSD symptom severity. These findings suggest that patients with severe initial visual impairment following ocular trauma may benefit from early psychological screening and timely mental health referral, warranting confirmation in larger prospective studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics16040639","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T11:39:10Z","timestamp":1771846750000},"page":"639","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Psychological Morbidity After Ocular Trauma: Association Between Initial Visual Loss and PTSD"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5458-1686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gamze","family":"Ucan Gunduz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa 16059, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oguzhan","family":"Kilincel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Geli\u015fim University, Istanbul 34310, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sema","family":"Nizam Tekcan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa 16059, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cengiz","family":"Akkaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa 16059, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7311-5277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ozgur","family":"Yalcinbayir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa 16059, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pelletier, J., Reagan, K., McLeod, S., Kronk, N., Dickson, K., Ohman, K., and Santos, M. 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