{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T12:47:26Z","timestamp":1787748446008,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Constrictive pericarditis (CP) results from persistent or insufficiently controlled pericardial inflammation arising from diverse etiologies. It remains a challenging clinical condition, typically presenting with non-specific symptoms that demand a high degree of clinical suspicion and meticulous imaging assessment. As CP progressively impairs both left- and right-sided cardiac function, it can lead to overt heart failure and a marked decline in quality of life, making early recognition crucial. Multimodality imaging plays an essential role in the diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of CP, enabling distinction from restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM), detection of active pericardial inflammation, and guidance of therapeutic decision-making. Echocardiography provides key hemodynamic insights, including ventricular interdependence and respiratory variation in flow patterns. Cardiac Computed Tomography (CT) offers high-resolution delineation of pericardial thickening and calcification, while Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) allows comprehensive characterization of pericardial anatomy, myocardial\u2013pericardial coupling, and inflammatory burden through late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and parametric mapping. Additionally, positron emission tomography (PET) imaging can identify metabolically active inflammation, aiding in determining the suitability of medical therapy versus pericardiectomy. By integrating these complementary modalities, clinicians can achieve greater diagnostic precision, refine risk stratification, and tailor management strategies, ultimately improving outcomes for patients with constrictive pericarditis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics16050707","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T17:05:16Z","timestamp":1772211916000},"page":"707","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Multimodality Imaging Approach in the Diagnosis of Constrictive Pericarditis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4648-0460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucia","family":"La Mura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, \u201cFederico II\u201d University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2116-3293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Musella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science and Education, S\u00f6dersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, 118 83 Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Cardiology Department, Santa Maria delle Grazie Hospital, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianna","family":"D\u2019Amato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Cardiologia, Hospital Central de la Defensa Gomez Ulla, 28047 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Lembo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, \u201cFederico II\u201d University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6690-1408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Costantino","family":"Mancusi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, \u201cFederico II\u201d University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Ferrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Catheterization Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Montevergine Clinic, 83013 Mercogliano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Fucile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, \u201cFederico II\u201d University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ciro","family":"Santoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), 87036 Arcavacata, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0308-2836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raffaele","family":"Izzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, \u201cFederico II\u201d University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Esposito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, \u201cFederico II\u201d University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2023.09.003","article-title":"Constrictive pericarditis in the new millennium","volume":"83","author":"Gillombardo","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. 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