{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T21:40:51Z","timestamp":1778103651161,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772236800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Primary Objective: To characterize high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) fracture patterns, namely orientation and otic capsule status, among Sudanese patients with acute temporal bone trauma. Secondary Objectives: (i) To quantify the prevalence and pattern of concomitant craniofacial fractures, (ii) to describe early audiologic outcomes, and (iii) to document facial nerve dysfunction. Methods: Prospective cross-sectional study of 45 consecutive patients (\u22655 years) with HRCT-confirmed TBF sustained within 7 days of injury, managed at two tertiary otolaryngology centers in Khartoum (October 2022\u2013March 2023). All imaging, clinical, and audiologic variables were recorded once at the index presentation (\u22647 days after trauma); the study did not include longitudinal follow-up. Two blinded experts independently classified fracture orientation (longitudinal, transverse, mixed\/oblique), otic capsule status (sparing [OCS] vs. otic capsule-violating [OCV]), and ancillary HRCT signs (ossicular chain disruption, tympanic plate fracture, pneumolabyrinth\/CSF leak); inter-observer reliability was assessed with Cohen\u2019s \u03ba. Concomitant craniofacial fractures, pure-tone audiometry, and House\u2013Brackmann facial nerve grades were recorded. Predictor\u2013outcome associations were examined with \u03c72 statistics (p &lt; 0.05). Results: Mean age 35.9 \u00b1 17.4 years; 78% male. Road traffic accidents were associated with 58% of injuries. HRCT showed 60% longitudinal, 20% transverse, and 20% mixed\/oblique fractures; 27% were OCV. Ossicular chain disruption, tympanic plate fracture, and ppneumolabyrinthCSF leak were present in 17.8%, 13.3%, and 8.9%, respectively. Concomitant craniofacial fractures occurred at 27%, chiefly Lefort III (15.6%) and Lefort II (8.9%). Transverse\/mixed fractures were strongly associated with Lefort II\u2013III injuries (\u03c72 = 16.2, p = 0.001); age (p = 0.21) and sex (p = 0.08) were non-significant. Conductive, sensorineural, and mixed hearing loss affected 69%, 13%, and 18%; facial nerve palsy occurred in 58%. Inter-observer agreement was substantial to almost perfect for all imaging variables (\u03ba = 0.77\u20130.92). Conclusions: Although longitudinal fractures predominated, over one-quarter breached the otic capsule and one-fifth followed transverse\/mixed planes, configurations associated with higher odds of conductive deafness, facial nerve palsy, and complex mid-facial fractures. HRCT provides reliable characterization and should underpin comprehensive head-and-mid-face trauma protocols. Enhanced road safety policies and multidisciplinary trauma care are vital for reducing neuro-otologic morbidity in resource-limited settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics16050718","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T15:22:21Z","timestamp":1772551341000},"page":"718","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Temporal Bone Fractures on High-Resolution CT: Bridging Radiologic Detail with Otologic Anatomy and Surgical Implications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0866-6953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Osama M. K.","family":"Edris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum 11115, Sudan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdulgaffar Bashir","family":"Adam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Khartoum ENT Teaching Hospital, Khartoum 11112, Sudan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4850-9178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emad Ali","family":"Albadawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah 42353, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3973-276X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmad Mahroos","family":"ALGhabban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah 42353, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7746-4139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Razan Saad M.","family":"Alqarni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah 42353, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wejdan Hussain","family":"Owaydhah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah 42353, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1042-765X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omar A.","family":"Alharthi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah 42353, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2581-4118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eyad","family":"Khattab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 42353, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0976-7139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fahd","family":"Alharbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General and Specialized Surgery, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah 42353, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasir Hassan","family":"Elhassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah 42353, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emc.2018.09.011","article-title":"Traumatic injuries of the ear, nose, and throat","volume":"37","author":"Henry","year":"2019","journal-title":"Emerg. 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