{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T05:43:30Z","timestamp":1790228610405,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774051200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"German Federal Ministry of Research, Technology and Space","award":["BMFTR, 01EO2105, iIMMUNE_ACS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BMFTR, 01EO2105, iIMMUNE_ACS"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Optical coherence tomography-angiography (OCT-A) is a non-invasive method of visualizing the capillary system. As vascular dysregulation impacts glaucoma pathogenesis, the aim of this study was to evaluate APSified-BMO-based-peripapillary vessel density (VD) in patients with ocular hypertension (OHT), pre-perimetric-open-angle glaucoma, as well as primary (POAG) and secondary (SOAG) open-angle glaucoma in comparison to healthy controls using OCT-A. Methods: The present study included 180 eyes from 115 patients of the Erlangen Glaucoma Registry, divided into 35 eyes with OHT, 16 pre-perimetric-OAG eyes, 64 OAG eyes\u2014which were subdivided into 37 POAG and 27 SOAG eyes\u2014and 65 healthy controls. All subjects underwent measurements of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), inner nuclear layer (INL), retinal ganglion cell (RGC) layer, and Bruch membrane opening\u2013minimum rim width (BMO-MRW). APSified-BMO-based-peripapillary vessel density (VD) was visualized by using OCT-A and quantified using the Erlangen Angio Tool. Results: Mean APSified-BMO-based peripapillary VD showed a significant correlation with age (p &lt; 0.0001). Considering the age effect, mean APSified-BMO-based peripapillary VD of OAG was significantly lower compared to healthy eyes (p &lt; 0.0001) and OHT (p = 0.016). Subgroup analysis yielded a significant difference in mean APSified-BMO-based peripapillary VD between controls and POAG (p = 0.001) and SOAG (p = 0.018), respectively. In addition, a significant difference was observed between OHT and POAG patients (p = 0.036). No significant differences were observed between the OHT, pre-perimetric-OAG, and healthy eyes, respectively. Conclusions: As peripapillary VD was significantly decreased in glaucoma patients compared to controls, the data might suggest that peripapillary VD might be useful for monitoring glaucoma progress.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics16060932","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T13:53:34Z","timestamp":1774274014000},"page":"932","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["APSified Peripapillary Vessel Density in Glaucoma Suspects and Open-Angle Glaucoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Moritz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Uniklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Schottenhamml","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Uniklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marius","family":"Muenk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Uniklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meike","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Uniklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Mardin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Uniklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2546-5504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bettina","family":"Hohberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Uniklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"e11686","article-title":"Epidemiology of Glaucoma: The Past, Present, and Predictions for the Future","volume":"12","author":"Allison","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2005.081224","article-title":"The number of people with glaucoma worldwide in 2010 and 2020","volume":"90","author":"Quigley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3613","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-9786","article-title":"Longitudinal analysis of progression in glaucoma using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography","volume":"54","author":"Wessel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.07.005","article-title":"Retinal nerve fiber layer atrophy is associated with visual field loss over time in glaucoma suspect and glaucomatous eyes","volume":"155","author":"Sehi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1982.01030030137016","article-title":"Optic nerve damage in human glaucoma. III. Quantitative correlation of nerve fiber loss and visual field defect in glaucoma, ischemic neuropathy, papilledema, and toxic neuropathy","volume":"100","author":"Quigley","year":"1982","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.24256","article-title":"Neuroinflammation and microglia in glaucoma: Time for a paradigm shift","volume":"97","author":"Wei","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2017.10.003","article-title":"Levels of aqueous humor trace elements in patients with open-angle glaucoma","volume":"45","author":"Hohberger","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3783","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.03-0077","article-title":"Risk factors associated with the incidence of open-angle glaucoma: The visual impairment project","volume":"44","author":"Le","year":"2003","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mursch-Edlmayr, A.S., Bolz, M., and Strohmaier, C. (2021). Vascular Aspects in Glaucoma: From Pathogenesis to Therapeutic Approaches. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22094662"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.83.4.466","article-title":"Peripapillary retinal blood flow in normal tension glaucoma","volume":"83","author":"Chung","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2003.032110","article-title":"Ocular blood flow alteration in glaucoma is related to systemic vascular dysregulation","volume":"88","author":"Emre","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-020-01626-8","article-title":"Examination of retinal vascular density changes via optical coherence tomography angiography in patients with glaucoma","volume":"41","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, X., Wang, M., Liu, H., Mercieca, K., Prinz, J., Feng, Y., and Prokosch, V. (2023). The Association between Vascular Abnormalities and Glaucoma\u2014What Comes First?. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241713211"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"84","article-title":"The role of ocular blood flow in the pathogenesis of glaucomatous damage","volume":"4","author":"Flammer","year":"2011","journal-title":"US Ophthalmic Rev."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-9462(02)00008-3","article-title":"The impact of ocular blood flow in glaucoma","volume":"21","author":"Flammer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1159\/000055622","article-title":"Regulatory Mechanisms in the Retinal and Choroidal Circulation","volume":"32","author":"Delaey","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Res."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-9462(00)00028-8","article-title":"Vasospasm, its role in the pathogenesis of diseases with particular reference to the eye","volume":"20","author":"Flammer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2025.104627","article-title":"Advances in choroid-glaucoma structural-functional correlations using swept-source optical coherence tomography","volume":"54","author":"Tang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Photodiagn. Photodyn. Ther."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2961","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-024-06464-3","article-title":"Correlation of retrobulbar perfusion deficits with glaucomatous visual field defects","volume":"262","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2007.08.010","article-title":"What is the link between vascular dysregulation and glaucoma?","volume":"52","author":"Grieshaber","year":"2007","journal-title":"Surv. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hohberger, B., Lucio, M., Schlick, S., Wollborn, A., Hosari, S., and Mardin, C. (2021). OCT-angiography: Regional reduced macula microcirculation in ocular hypertensive and pre-perimetric glaucoma patients. PLoS ONE, 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0246469"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0000000000000024","article-title":"Diagnosing glaucoma progression with optical coherence tomography","volume":"25","author":"Leung","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7821","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.14.007821","article-title":"Optical coherence angiography","volume":"14","author":"Makita","year":"2006","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4710","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.20.004710","article-title":"Split-spectrum amplitude-decorrelation angiography with optical coherence tomography","volume":"20","author":"Jia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.08.041","article-title":"Relationship between Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Vessel Density and Severity of Visual Field Loss in Glaucoma","volume":"123","author":"Yarmohammadi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-018-0207-z","article-title":"Quantitative automated circumpapillary microvascular density measurements: A new angioOCT-based methodology","volume":"33","author":"Jesus","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2015.2225","article-title":"Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography of the Peripapillary Retina in Glaucoma","volume":"133","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akil, H., Huang, A.S., Francis, B.A., Sadda, S.R., and Chopra, V. (2017). Retinal vessel density from optical coherence tomography angiography to differentiate early glaucoma, pre-perimetric glaucoma and normal eyes. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0170476"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-017-3865-9","article-title":"Correlation of flow density, as measured using optical coherence tomography angiography, with structural and functional parameters in glaucoma patients","volume":"256","author":"Alnawaiseh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2017.1337157","article-title":"Glaucoma Diagnostic Ability of the Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Vessel Density Parameters","volume":"42","author":"Chung","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2025.10.027","article-title":"Glaucoma Progression Detection Time Using OCT and OCTA in African and European Descendants","volume":"282","author":"Wu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogla.2021.09.012","article-title":"Measurements of OCT Angiography Complement OCT for Diagnosing Early Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma","volume":"5","author":"Kamalipour","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ophthalmol. Glaucoma"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-20-2828","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography angiography in glaucoma","volume":"8","author":"Ritch","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2511","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S224757","article-title":"Peripapillary Vessel Density in Unilateral Preperimetric Glaucoma","volume":"13","author":"Mangouritsas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.09.055","article-title":"Enhanced detection of open-angle glaucoma with an anatomically accurate optical coherence tomography-derived neuroretinal rim parameter","volume":"120","author":"Chauhan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.09.054","article-title":"Optic disc margin anatomy in patients with glaucoma and normal controls with spectral domain optical coherence tomography","volume":"119","author":"Reis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"691","article-title":"26 Years of the Erlangen Glaucoma Registry: Demographic and Perimetric Characteristics of Patients Through the Ages","volume":"236","author":"Hohberger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Klin. Monbl. Augenheilkd."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02169199","article-title":"Optic disc morphometry in chronic primary open-angle glaucoma. I. Morphometric intrapapillary characteristics","volume":"226","author":"Jonas","year":"1988","journal-title":"Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1034702","article-title":"Morphology of the optic papilla in glaucoma. I. Primary open-angle glaucoma","volume":"215","author":"Budde","year":"1999","journal-title":"Klin. Monbl. Augenheilkd."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frangi, A.F., Niessen, W.J., Vincken, K.L., and Viergever, M.A. (1998). Multiscale Vessel Enhancement Filtering, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0056195"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1159\/000502458","article-title":"OCT Angiography: Measurement of Retinal Macular Microvasculature with Spectralis II OCT Angiography\u2014Reliability and Reproducibility","volume":"243","author":"Hosari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.01026","article-title":"Pingouin: Statistics in Python","volume":"3","author":"Vallat","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Open Source Softw."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e42","DOI":"10.5301\/ejo.5000717","article-title":"Vessel density calculated from OCT angiography in 3 peripapillary sectors in normal, ocular hypertensive, and glaucoma eyes","volume":"26","author":"Hollo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.01.004","article-title":"Peripapillary and Macular Vessel Density in Patients with Glaucoma and Single-Hemifield Visual Field Defect","volume":"124","author":"Yarmohammadi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.07.023","article-title":"Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Vessel Density in Glaucomatous Eyes with Focal Lamina Cribrosa Defects","volume":"123","author":"Suh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.7.6.21","article-title":"Diagnostic Performance of Macular Versus Peripapillary Vessel Parameters by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography for Glaucoma","volume":"7","author":"Richter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transl. Vis. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5713","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-22865","article-title":"Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Macular and Peripapillary Vessel Perfusion Density in Healthy Subjects, Glaucoma Suspects, and Glaucoma Patients","volume":"58","author":"Triolo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3492","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.19-26848","article-title":"Effects of Age on Peripapillary and Macular Vessel Density Determined Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Healthy Eyes","volume":"60","author":"Jo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogla.2020.07.005","article-title":"Comparison of Peripapillary Capillary Density in Glaucoma Patients of African and European Descent","volume":"4","author":"Moghimi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ophthalmol. Glaucoma"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2017-310637","article-title":"Repeatability of vessel density measurements of optical coherence tomography angiography in normal and glaucoma eyes","volume":"102","author":"Venugopal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1097\/00061198-199604000-00003","article-title":"Perfusion of the juxtapapillary retina and the neuroretinal rim area in primary open angle glaucoma","volume":"5","author":"Michelson","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Glaucoma"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(01)00871-6","article-title":"Optic nerve blood flow is diminished in eyes of primary open-angle glaucoma suspects","volume":"132","author":"Grunwald","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.78.6.449","article-title":"Optic nerve head blood flow using a laser Doppler velocimeter and haemorheology in primary open angle glaucoma and normal pressure glaucoma","volume":"78","author":"Hamard","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2016-309377","article-title":"Diagnostic ability of peripapillary vessel density measurements of optical coherence tomography angiography in primary open-angle and angle-closure glaucoma","volume":"101","author":"Rao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0000000000000950","article-title":"A Sectoral Analysis of Vessel Density Measurements in Perimetrically Intact Regions of Glaucomatous Eyes: An Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Study","volume":"27","author":"Pradhan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Glaucoma"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.08.030","article-title":"Regional Comparisons of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Vessel Density in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma","volume":"171","author":"Rao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.05.006","article-title":"Macular and Optic Nerve Head Vessel Density and Progressive Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Loss in Glaucoma","volume":"125","author":"Moghimi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S215322","article-title":"Quantitative Comparison of Microvascular Metrics on Three Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Devices in Chorioretinal Disease","volume":"13","author":"Lu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17866","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-36279-2","article-title":"Repeatability and Reproducibility of Quantification of Superficial Peri-papillary Capillaries by four Different Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Devices","volume":"8","author":"Lei","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28997","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-80562-4","article-title":"Scan speed affects quantitative optical coherence tomography angiography vascular metrics","volume":"14","author":"Spissinger","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2067","DOI":"10.18240\/ijo.2024.11.13","article-title":"Comparative study between swept-source and spectral-domain OCTA for imaging of choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"17","author":"Ma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rabiolo, A., Gelormini, F., Sacconi, R., Cicinelli, M.V., Triolo, G., Bettin, P., Nouri-Mahdavi, K., Bandello, F., and Querques, G. (2018). Comparison of methods to quantify macular and peripapillary vessel density in optical coherence tomography angiography. PLoS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0205773"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hafner, M., von Livonius, B., Deschler, D., Priglinger, S.G., and Gerhardt, M.J. (2026). Quantifying segmentation sensitivity in OCTA: Device-specific profiles across three commercial platforms. PLoS ONE, 21.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0343605"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002471","article-title":"Comparison between several optical coherence tomography angiography devices and indocyanine green angiography of choroidal neovascularization","volume":"40","author":"Corvi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0000000000001216","article-title":"Effect of Scan Size on Glaucoma Diagnostic Performance Using OCT Angiography En Face Images of the Radial Peripapillary Capillaries","volume":"28","author":"Chang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Glaucoma"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1038\/s41377-022-00740-9","article-title":"Towards standardizing retinal optical coherence tomography angiography: A review","volume":"11","author":"Sampson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Light Sci. Appl."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2012.04.004","article-title":"Cellular and physiological mechanisms underlying blood flow regulation in the retina and choroid in health and disease","volume":"31","author":"Kur","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2009.12.002","article-title":"The multifunctional choroid","volume":"29","author":"Nickla","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.44.4.193","article-title":"The central artery of the retina. I. Origin and course","volume":"44","author":"Singh","year":"1960","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2015.10.004","article-title":"Autoregulation and neurovascular coupling in the optic nerve head","volume":"61","author":"Prada","year":"2016","journal-title":"Surv. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11504","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1971-14.2014","article-title":"Regulation of blood flow in the retinal trilaminar vascular network","volume":"34","author":"Kornfield","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(02)01716-5","article-title":"Changes in optic nerve head blood flow after therapeutic intraocular pressure reduction in glaucoma patients and ocular hypertensives","volume":"110","author":"Hafez","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.51.2.115","article-title":"Radial peripapillary capillaries of the retina. I. Anatomy: Human and comparative","volume":"51","author":"Henkind","year":"1967","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."}],"container-title":["Diagnostics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/16\/6\/932\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T14:03:10Z","timestamp":1774274590000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/16\/6\/932"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["diagnostics16060932"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics16060932","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4418"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-4418","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]]}}}