{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T15:21:12Z","timestamp":1774452072657,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774396800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Although HPV vaccination is highly effective in the primary prevention of cervical cancer, its potential role in women already diagnosed with HPV-associated cervical dysplasia remains uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate the association between post-diagnosis HPV vaccination and short-term clinical outcomes in HPV-positive women with cervical dysplasia. Methods: Women aged \u226518 years with abnormal cervical screening results suggestive of squamous intraepithelial lesions and high-risk HPV positivity were retrospectively evaluated. High-grade disease was defined as histologically confirmed CIN2\/3. HPV vaccination (9-valent) was recommended to all eligible patients at the time of diagnosis. Vaccination status was primarily analyzed as vaccinated (\u22651 dose) versus unvaccinated; additionally, dose-stratified analyses (0, 1\u20132, and 3 doses) were performed to explore potential dose\u2013response relationships. Results: A total of 392 women were included (173 unvaccinated and 219 vaccinated). At 12 months, regression occurred in 51.1% of vaccinated patients compared with 41.0% of unvaccinated women (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.02\u20132.20, p = 0.04). A dose\u2013response pattern was observed, with regression rates of 41.0% in unvaccinated patients, 46.1% in partially vaccinated patients, and 54.6% in fully vaccinated patients (p for trend = 0.012). In the HSIL subgroup, regression occurred in 49.0% of vaccinated women versus 33.8% of unvaccinated patients (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.01\u20133.52, p = 0.047). When stratified by treatment modality, vaccination was significantly associated with higher regression in the non-LEEP cohort (OR 1.67, p = 0.04) but not in the LEEP cohort (p = 0.22). In multivariable analysis adjusting for age, smoking, HPV genotype, baseline histopathologic grade (CIN1 vs. CIN2\/3), and treatment modality, HPV vaccination remained independently associated with regression (aOR 1.55, 95% CI 1.05\u20132.30, p = 0.028). Conclusions: Post-diagnosis HPV vaccination was associated with a higher probability of cervical dysplasia regression at 12 months, particularly among women with baseline HSIL. These findings suggest that HPV vaccination may provide a beneficial adjunct effect in the clinical management of HPV-associated cervical dysplasia. Prospective studies are required to confirm these observations and clarify the mechanisms underlying this association.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics16070979","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T13:57:34Z","timestamp":1774447054000},"page":"979","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association Between HPV Vaccination and Cervical Dysplasia Severity in HPV-Positive Women"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2137-2986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali Deniz","family":"Erkmen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Gazi Ya\u015fargil Training and Research Hospital, 21010 Diyarbak\u0131r, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5300-6536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevser","family":"Arkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Gazi Ya\u015fargil Training and Research Hospital, 21010 Diyarbak\u0131r, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2992","DOI":"10.62347\/GGVR2248","article-title":"Risk factors for persistent infection of high-risk HPV in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am. 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