{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T08:44:15Z","timestamp":1775637855999,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The evaluation of renal function in neonates is challenging due to maternal creatinine transfer, reduced muscle mass, and non-steady-state physiology. Cystatin C emerged as a promising biomarker for assessing neonatal glomerular filtration rate. This review summarizes evidence from studies evaluating serum and urine cystatin C in healthy neonates and high-risk groups, including preterm newborns, neonates with acute kidney injury, and those with congenital kidney and urinary tract defects. Methods: Twenty studies were included and qualitatively synthesized following PRISMA guidelines. Results: In the included studies, serum cystatin C exhibited consistent postnatal patterns independent of maternal influence and showed a strong correlation with gestational age and renal development. Cystatin C enabled earlier detection of renal dysfunction compared to serum creatinine, especially in preterm infants and critically ill neonates. In babies with congenital renal abnormalities, cystatin C levels were associated with disease severity and clinical outcomes, while the cystatin C-based estimated glomerular filtration rate surpassed creatinine-based estimations. Urinary cystatin C correlated with tubular damage and increased risk of chronic kidney disease during follow-up. Conclusions: Cystatin C is a reliable biomarker for evaluating neonatal renal function, although further standardization and validation are required for clinical implementation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics16081115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T07:25:12Z","timestamp":1775633112000},"page":"1115","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cystatin C as a Renal Biomarker in Infants with Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract (CAKUT): A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Mihaela","family":"Dobre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ph.D. School, Faculty of Medicine, \u201cVictor Babe\u0219\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Clinical Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology \u201cDumitru Popescu\u201d, Franyo Zoltan 6, 300014 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0486-0883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Maria Cristina","family":"Jura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, \u201cVictor Babe\u015f\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Medici\u2019s MedLife Hospital Timi\u0219oara, Ciprian Porumbescu Street No. 9, 300236 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4403-0581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramona","family":"Stroescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department XI of Pediatrics-1st Pediatric Discipline, Center for Research on Growth and Developmental Disorders in Children, \u201cVictor Babe\u0219\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"4th Pediatric Clinic, \u2018Louis \u021aurcanu\u2019 Children\u2019s Clinical and Emergency Hospital, Iosif Nemoianu 2, 300011 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4986-8025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela Eugenia","family":"Popescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, \u201cVictor Babe\u015f\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Medici\u2019s MedLife Hospital Timi\u0219oara, Ciprian Porumbescu Street No. 9, 300236 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4295-7487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vlad Laurentiu","family":"David","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery and Orthopedics, \u201cVictor Babe\u015f\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1833","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2014.969236","article-title":"Cystatin C in Newborns: A Promising Renal Biomarker in Search for Standardization and Validation","volume":"28","author":"Allegaert","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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