{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T12:41:29Z","timestamp":1785415289442,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Health, Czech Republic \u2013 conceptual development of research organization","award":["FNOl, 00098892"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FNOl, 00098892"]}]},{"name":"Internal Grant Agency of Masaryk University","award":["MUNI\/A\/1843\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MUNI\/A\/1843\/2025"]}]},{"award":["MUNI\/A\/1843\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MUNI\/A\/1843\/2025"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02j46qs45","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Tumor\u2013stroma ratio (TSR) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were suggested as prognostic markers in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Identification of markers assessable in preoperative biopsies that could guide treatment planning is of great importance. This study aimed to evaluate the concordance and prognostic impact of TSR and TILs in preoperative biopsies and matched resection specimens of OSCC. Methods: This study included 100 patients with OSCC. TSR and stromal TILs were evaluated on hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides of biopsies and paired resection specimens and categorized (into low TSR and high TSR; high TILs and low TILs). The agreement between resections and biopsies, and the prognostic significance and clinicopathological correlations of TSR and TILs, were investigated. Results: For TSR, substantial agreement between preoperative biopsies and surgical specimens (kappa correlation coefficient 0.713) was demonstrated. The assessment of TILs showed poor concordance between biopsies and resections (kappa correlation coefficient 0.372). For both biopsies and resections, Cox regression showed an independent negative prognostic impact of low TSR on disease-free, disease-specific, and overall survival. Independent prognostic value of TILs evaluated in biopsies was not found, and the negative prognostic impact of low TILs on disease-free and overall survival was observed only in the main resection specimens. Conclusions: TSR evaluated in preoperative biopsies was highly concordant with results in main resection specimens and may provide significant information for OSCC prognostication, risk stratification, and treatment decisions. In contrast, TILs evaluated in biopsies showed poor concordance with main resection specimens and failed to demonstrate prognostic significance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics16081202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T11:53:46Z","timestamp":1776426826000},"page":"1202","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Concordance and Prognostic Impact of Tumor\u2013Stroma Ratio and Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Preoperative Biopsies and Matched Surgical Specimens in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4165-9675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michal","family":"Mozola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6636-804X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michal","family":"Herman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9016-7805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katerina","family":"Brachtlova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3454-5880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaroslav","family":"Michalek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9694-2486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jana","family":"Zapletalova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5746-8814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zdenek","family":"Bednarik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne\u2019s University Hospital Brno, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1024-7408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michal","family":"Hendrych","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne\u2019s University Hospital Brno, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Pink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Tvrdy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3889-0905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marketa","family":"Hermanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne\u2019s University Hospital Brno, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"229","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"74","author":"Bray","year":"2024","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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