{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T20:40:15Z","timestamp":1777322415125,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: In everyday practice, we observed an increased number of complications with a xeno-hybrid bovine graft in challenging cases, prompting a systematic review of timing strategies and the impact of the operator. Objective: To compare early safety and rehabilitation timelines for immediate versus delayed implant placement after alveolar ridge procedures with a xeno-hybrid bovine graft, and to examine operator-level effects. Materials and Methods: Single center retrospective cohort (Danube Private University, Krems, Austria; January 2021\u2013October 2023). Consecutive patients undergoing alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) or reconstruction (ARR; conservative protocol without meshes or rigid frameworks) with a xeno-hybrid bovine graft and subsequent implant were included. Strata: ARP, ARR, ARP with immediate implant placement (ARP+II), ARR with immediate implant placement (ARR+II). Primary endpoint: early implant loss &lt; 12 months after the index surgery. Secondary endpoints: days to implant exposure and days to definitive prosthesis. Results: We analyzed 158 coded interventions (ARP 33; ARR 16; ARP+II 32; ARR+II 77). Early implant loss was uncommon (7\/158; 4.4%) and occurred only with immediate implant placement (ARP+II 6.3%; ARR+II 6.5%); no early failures occurred in delayed strata. Immediate implant placement accelerated rehabilitation (exposure: 358\/364 vs. 144\/162 days; prosthesis: 406\/419 vs. 196\/204 days; both p &lt; 0.0001). After adjustment for treatment base, timing, and age, no independent operator level effect on early loss was detected. Conclusions: In this university cohort using a xeno-hybrid bovine graft, early implant loss was rare and confined to immediate implant placement, which nonetheless shortened the pathway to exposure and restoration by ~5\u20137 months. Differences across providers were explained by case selection and protocol choice after adjustment. Clinical Significance: With appropriate case selection and surgical execution, immediate implant placement after ARP\/ARR can reduce treatment time by ~5\u20137 months without a clear increase in early failure within the limits of this cohort; treatment protocol and case triage are the main levers of early outcome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics16081231","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T14:53:23Z","timestamp":1776696803000},"page":"1231","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Immediate vs. Delayed Implant Placement Following Alveolar Ridge Procedures with Xeno-Hybrid Bovine Bone Graft: A Retrospective Cohort with Operator-Level Comparison"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1410-6543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marius","family":"Meier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University, Steiner Landstra\u00dfe 124, 3500 Krems, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2639-0409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pascal","family":"Gr\u00fcn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University, Steiner Landstra\u00dfe 124, 3500 Krems, Austria"},{"name":"Clinical Application of Artificial Intelligence in Dentistry (CAAID) Group, Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University, Steiner Landstra\u00dfe 124, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Schiepek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University, Steiner Landstra\u00dfe 124, 3500 Krems, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pina","family":"Jankowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University, Steiner Landstra\u00dfe 124, 3500 Krems, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Bandura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University, Steiner Landstra\u00dfe 124, 3500 Krems, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6454-7820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Fitzek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Image Analysis & Artificial Intelligence (MIAAI) Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University, Steiner Landstrasse 124, 3500 Krems, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Flora","family":"Turhani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University, Steiner Landstra\u00dfe 124, 3500 Krems, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7311-3191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dritan","family":"Turhani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University, Steiner Landstra\u00dfe 124, 3500 Krems, Austria"},{"name":"Clinical Application of Artificial Intelligence in Dentistry (CAAID) Group, Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University, Steiner Landstra\u00dfe 124, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"126","article-title":"Post-extraction dimensional changes: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"48","author":"Stuhr","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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