{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T23:16:05Z","timestamp":1793661365634,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82401527"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82401527"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["82401527"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82401527"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare but potentially life-threatening subtype of stroke, characterized by thrombus formation within the dural venous sinuses and cerebral veins. Recent advances have deepened our understanding of CVT pathophysiology, highlighting a multifactorial process that encompasses thrombus initiation, subsequent thrombus propagation, venous hypertension with blood\u2013brain barrier disruption, and secondary parenchymal brain injury. Comprehensive clinical assessment, including diagnosis and differential diagnosis, disease severity scores, imaging-based metrics, and prognostic scoring systems, enables accurate evaluation and risk stratification. Emerging therapeutic strategies, including direct oral anticoagulants, corticosteroids for selected patients, natural-origin agents, immunomodulatory therapy, endovascular treatment, optic nerve sheath fenestration, and neuromodulation, provide novel and alternative options for the management of CVT. This review provides a comprehensive overview of CVT pathophysiology, clinical assessment tools, and novel therapeutic strategies to guide clinical decision-making and inform future research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics16091308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T19:24:51Z","timestamp":1777317891000},"page":"1308","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: Pathophysiologic Insights, Clinical Evaluation Tools, and Novel Therapeutic Strategies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3842-9596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1549-1762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiqi","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaogang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300350, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuefan","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ran","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0527-2852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xunming","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juexian","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Field, T.S., Lindsay, M.P., Wein, T., Debicki, D.B., Gorman, J., Heran, M.K.S., Levin, L.A., Lund, R., Moharir, M., and Peeling, L. 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