{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T11:56:18Z","timestamp":1785412578314,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI), funded by the Ministry of Health and Welfare","award":["RS-2021-KH113146"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2021-KH113146"]}]},{"award":["RS-2021-KH113146"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2021-KH113146"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00fdzyk40","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Commercialization Promotion Agency for R&D Outcomes (COMPA), funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT","award":["2710086164"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2710086164"]}]},{"name":"Basic Medical Science Facilitation Program through the Catholic Medical Center of the Catholic University of Korea, funded by the Catholic Education Foundation"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01fpnj063","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Institute of Information and Communications Technology Planning and Evaluation (IITP) grant funded by the Korean government","award":["RS-2019-II191906"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2019-II191906"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: While human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) immunohistochemistry (IHC) is pivotal for breast cancer management, its reliance on additional tissue processing beyond routine H&amp;E staining remains a clinical burden. Although virtual staining offers a potential solution, current methods often fail to explicitly account for HER2 score-specific expression patterns. To address this gap, we developed a score-aware framework designed for the precise generation of virtual HER2 IHC images. Methods: We introduce the non-contrastive multi-task (NCMT) framework, which integrates negative-free patch alignment, style\u2013content constraints, and auxiliary HER2 score supervision for high-fidelity H&amp;E-to-IHC translation. For rigorous evaluation, the model was validated on the BCI dataset, utilizing an official split of 3896 training and 977 independent test images derived from 51 whole-slide images. Results: NCMT demonstrated superior virtual staining performance, achieving a Fr\u00e9chet Inception Distance (FID) of 38.8, a Kernel Inception Distance (KID) of 5.6, and an average Perceptual Hash Value (PHV) of 0.439. In downstream HER2 scoring tasks, while virtual IHC images alone yielded an accuracy of 83.01%, the fusion of H&amp;E and virtual IHC further elevated performance to 97.85% accuracy and a 98.23% F1 score. These findings suggest that our framework effectively preserves diagnostic features while providing complementary information to H&amp;E-based morphological analysis. Conclusions: NCMT enables HER2 score-aware virtual IHC generation from H&amp;E and can serve as a complementary tool for HER2 assessment in digital pathology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics16091319","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T09:55:39Z","timestamp":1777370139000},"page":"1319","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["HER2 Score-Aware Virtual Immunohistochemistry via Non-Contrastive Multi-Task Translation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7446-0478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyunsu","family":"Jeong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Artificial Intelligence, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3971-3115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiho","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaewoo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7954-7911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eunwoo","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyunhee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Somang","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyeon Gyu","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of VR Convergence Engineering, Duksung Women\u2019s University, Seoul 01369, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6843-3708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chan Kwon","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hospital Pathology, Seoul St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, and Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u0141ukasiewicz, S., Czeczelewski, M., Forma, A., Baj, J., Sitarz, R., and Stanis\u0142awek, A. 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