{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T13:12:55Z","timestamp":1779282775572,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide despite advances in screening, navigational bronchoscopy, and systemic therapies. Diagnostic and therapeutic limitations persist, including uncertainty regarding intraprocedural tissue adequacy during biopsy sampling and constraints of existing ablative modalities for tumors located near critical thoracic structures. This review examines two emerging technologies: Full-Field Optical Coherence Tomography-based Dynamic Cell Imaging (DCI) and monopolar biphasic Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) ablation as complementary emerging technologies that may address these gaps. The Van Gogh\u2122 Microscopy System (CellTivity Scientific, Inc.) utilizes DCI to enable real-time visualization of cellular metabolic activity without tissue destruction, providing functional information regarding tissue viability and microstructural morphology. The Aliya\u00ae PEF ablation system (Galvanize Therapeutics, Inc.) delivers biphasic high-voltage electrical pulses that induce non-thermal tumor cell death while preserving extracellular matrix architecture, potentially allowing treatment near sensitive thoracic structures such as airways, vasculature, and pleura. Early preclinical studies and initial clinical experience suggest that DCI can facilitate rapid intraprocedural assessment of biopsy adequacy, while PEF ablation may provide reproducible focal tumor destruction with a favorable safety profile near critical structures. Although the current evidence base remains limited to early-phase studies and feasibility trials, the convergence of real-time biologic tissue assessment with structurally preserving ablation technologies introduces the possibility of integrating diagnostic confirmation and local therapy within a single procedural workflow. This review summarizes the mechanistic rationale, emerging evidence, and potential clinical applications of these technologies and proposes a conceptual \u201cSee and Strike\u201d framework within these two emerging technologies. The methodological limitations, workflow considerations, and future research directions required to validate this approach are also discussed. Prospective multicenter trials and long-term oncologic outcomes will be necessary before widespread clinical adoption.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics16101553","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T12:30:51Z","timestamp":1779280251000},"page":"1553","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["See and Strike: A Dual-Force Paradigm for Real-Time Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Non-Thermal Ablation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jaskiran","family":"Khosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Section of Interventional Pulmonology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9952-3367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roy J.","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Section of Interventional Pulmonology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3182745948","article-title":"Local ablative therapy of oligoprogressive disease prolongs disease control by tyrosine kinase inhibitors in oncogene-addicted non\u2013small-cell lung cancer","volume":"7","author":"Weickhardt","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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