{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T10:06:28Z","timestamp":1779444388638,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779408000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tuberculosis remains one of the leading infectious causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, disproportionately affecting women of reproductive age, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Tuberculosis during pregnancy represents a major clinical challenge, as physiological and immunological changes associated with pregnancy may obscure symptoms, delay diagnosis, and contribute to adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. This narrative review provides an updated and clinically oriented overview of tuberculosis during pregnancy, with particular emphasis on diagnostic challenges, imaging strategies, microbiological testing, maternal\u2013fetal complications, and therapeutic management. Key topics include symptom-based screening, tuberculin skin test and interferon gamma release assays, as well as molecular diagnostic methods such as GeneXpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis\/Rifampicin (MTB\/RIF) and Xpert MTB\/RIF Ultra, chest radiography, computed tomography, and emerging biomarkers. We also discuss the impact of tuberculosis on pregnancy outcomes, including prematurity, low birth weight, maternal morbidity, and neonatal complications, as well as the particular challenges posed by human immunodeficiency virus HIV coinfection and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Current treatment strategies, preventive approaches, postpartum care, neonatal management, and Bacille Calmette\u2013Gu\u00e9rin vaccination are reviewed in light of contemporary evidence and international recommendations. Finally, we highlight practical diagnostic algorithms, current evidence gaps, and priorities for future research aimed at improving maternal and neonatal outcomes in both high- and low-resource settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics16111576","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T09:17:09Z","timestamp":1779441429000},"page":"1576","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tuberculosis in Pregnancy: An Updated Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Carolina","family":"Longo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Paulista School of Medicine\u2014Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), S\u00e3o Paulo 04023-062, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karina Felippe Monezi","family":"Pontes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Paulista School of Medicine\u2014Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), S\u00e3o Paulo 04023-062, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4694-7008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina Matos de Moura","family":"Fa\u00edco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Paulista School of Medicine\u2014Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), S\u00e3o Paulo 04023-062, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayra Martins","family":"Melo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Paulista School of Medicine\u2014Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), S\u00e3o Paulo 04023-062, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6694-6569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo Yano","family":"Callado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Albert Einstein Israelite College of Health Sciences (FICSAE), Albert Einstein Israelite Hospital, S\u00e3o Paulo 05652-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1610-2959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9lio de Barros","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora 36038-330, MG, Brazil"},{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Applied Health Sciences, Department of Medicine. Faculty of Medicine, University of Vassouras (Univassouras), Vassouras 27700-000, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Araujo J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Paulista School of Medicine\u2014Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), S\u00e3o Paulo 04023-062, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Discipline of Woman Health, Municipal University of S\u00e3o Caetano do Sul (USCS), S\u00e3o Caetano do Sul 09521-160, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2942-6182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Braga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Applied Health Sciences, Department of Medicine. Faculty of Medicine, University of Vassouras (Univassouras), Vassouras 27700-000, RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 22240-003, RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of General and Specialized Surgery, School of Medicine and Surgery, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro 22290-240, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2026, April 21). WHO, 2026. Available online: www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/tuberculosis."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Brasil, Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade (2026, April 21). 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