{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T01:03:13Z","timestamp":1779670993539,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: The sella turcica is a key anatomical landmark due to its close relationship with the pituitary gland and surrounding structures. This study aimed to compare morphometric characteristics of the sella turcica in autopsy cases according to sex and to develop machine learning (ML)-based sex estimation models using these measurements. Methods: This study included 230 individuals (115 males, 115 females). Sella turcica morphometric measurements (length, depth, anteroposterior, and transverse diameters) were analyzed. In addition, associations with age, height, and weight were evaluated. Sex differences and correlations were assessed using non-parametric tests. Generalized additive models were applied to evaluate non-linear effects of height and weight, and ML algorithms (LR, RF, SVM, XGBoost) were used for sex classification with 10-fold cross-validation. Results: Data from 230 individuals (115 males, 115 females) were analyzed. All sella turcica dimensions were significantly greater in males (p &lt; 0.001). Height showed strong positive correlations with all measurements, whereas weight showed weaker associations and age was not significant. Generalized additive models demonstrated high performance for length and anteroposterior diameter (adjusted R2 \u2248 0.956), high performance for transverse diameter (R2 = 0.936), and moderate performance for depth (R2 = 0.700), with significant non-linear effects of height and weight. ML models achieved high accuracy (&gt;95%), with SVM performing best (accuracy: 0.991; AUC: 0.997), and transverse diameter identified as the most important predictor. Conclusions: Sella turcica morphometry demonstrates strong sexual dimorphism and is primarily influenced by body size parameters, particularly height. Non-linear modelling approaches such as GAM effectively capture complex anatomical relationships, while ML models, especially SVM, provide promising sex estimation. Among all variables, transverse diameter emerges as the most robust and consistent predictor, highlighting its potential utility in forensic and anthropological applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics16111596","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T00:30:33Z","timestamp":1779669033000},"page":"1596","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of Sex-Related Morphometry of the Sella Turcica in Autopsy Using Machine Learning"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5941-2358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmet","family":"Depreli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Sel\u00e7uk University, Konya 42005, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3143-0065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mustafa Furkan","family":"Ozturk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary, Artova Vocational School, Tokat Gaziosmanpa\u015fa University, Tokat 60672, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8340-1920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omer Faruk","family":"Nasip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Education and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat 60100, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0952-9889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Humeyra","family":"Y\u0131lmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat 60100, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4650-8411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huseyin Ugur","family":"Bakan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tokat Branch Office, Tokat Council of Forensic Medicine, Tokat 60100, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2061-7951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Necati Emre","family":"Sahin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Karabuk University, Karabuk 78000, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"714","article-title":"Bridging and dimensions of sella turcica in subjects treated by surgical-orthodontic means or orthodontics only","volume":"75","author":"Jones","year":"2005","journal-title":"Angle Orthod."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjs091","article-title":"Sella turcica morphology and the pituitary gland\u2014A new contribution to craniofacial diagnostics based on histology and neuroradiology","volume":"37","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. 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