{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T13:06:34Z","timestamp":1780578394174,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780099200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is a surgical emergency that causes vision loss if not properly treated. Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) is the preferred procedure for most complex RRD cases, with a high success rate. This study aimed to evaluate the significance of predictive factors and their impact on postoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in patients undergoing PPV for RRD. Methods: In this retrospective study, 136 eyes from 135 patients who underwent PPV for RRD were examined. A robust fitting algorithm for linear models was used to assess the influence of preoperative patient-related factors on the functional outcomes of PPV for RRD. Results: Various factors were analyzed, ranging from demographic parameters, such as gender and residency, to more complex ocular findings, including BCVA, duration of symptoms, description of the RRD, retinal tears, macular status, presence of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), epiretinal membrane, or macular hole. Conclusions: Duration of symptoms, phacoemulsification during follow-up, and preoperative BCVA showed a statistically significant correlation with postoperative BCVA. Lens status, macular status, extent of retinal detachment, number of tears, and PVR did not influence the postoperative outcome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics16111696","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T08:09:16Z","timestamp":1780301356000},"page":"1696","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Predictive Factors of Functional Prognosis in Patients with Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Treated by Pars Plana Vitrectomy\u2014A Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"George","family":"Chereji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School of Medicine, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8, V. Babes, Str. 43, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2954-3263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vlad-Florin","family":"Chelaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8, V. babes, Str. 43, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"RoNeuro Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Mircea Eliade Str. 37, 400354 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7886-2044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simona Delia","family":"Nicoar\u0103","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School of Medicine, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8, V. Babes, Str. 43, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8, V. Babes, Str. 43, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"Ophthalmology Clinic, Emergency County Hospital, 3\u20135 Clinicilor Str., 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1159\/000499489","article-title":"Incidence of Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment in Europe\u2014A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"242","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Surgical management of vitreoretinal diseases in Bhutan: A 3-year national study","volume":"6","author":"Rai","year":"2020","journal-title":"New Front. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4310643","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/4310643","article-title":"A Review of Innovations in Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Surgical Techniques","volume":"2017","author":"Nemet","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3181f669e6","article-title":"Pathogenesis of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: Predisposing anatomy and cell biology","volume":"30","author":"Mitry","year":"2010","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-005-0026-3","article-title":"Primary vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: An analysis of 512 cases","volume":"244","author":"Heimann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Graefe\u2019s Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-008-0997-y","article-title":"The learning curve for primary vitrectomy without scleral buckling for pseudophakic retinal detachment","volume":"247","author":"Dugas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Graefe\u2019s Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lumi, X., Lu\u017enik, Z., Petrovski, G., Petrovski, B.\u00c9., and Hawlina, M. (2016). Anatomical success rate of pars plana vitrectomy for treatment of complex rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. BMC Ophthalmol., 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-016-0390-2"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-103620","article-title":"Anatomischer Erfolg der Pars-plana-Vitrektomie bei rhegmatogener Netzhautabl\u00f6sung im Rahmen der Umstellung von 20 auf 23 Gauge\u2014Eine Studie an 313 konsekutiven F\u00e4llen","volume":"232","author":"Brandlhuber","year":"2015","journal-title":"Klin. Monbl. Augenheilkd."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2007.129437","article-title":"Surgical outcomes for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachments in phakic and pseudophakic patients: The Retina 1 Project\u2014Report 2","volume":"92","author":"Coco","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1931","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3182877a27","article-title":"Effect of symptom duration on outcomes following vitrectomy repair of primary macula-off retinal detachments","volume":"33","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1328392","article-title":"Anatomical and functional results of primary pars plana vitrectomy in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment","volume":"230","author":"Gerding","year":"2013","journal-title":"Klin. Monbl. Augenheilkd."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3285","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-021-01399-z","article-title":"Pre-operative optical coherence tomography findings in macula-off retinal detachments and visual outcome","volume":"35","author":"Hostovsky","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-200501000-00006","article-title":"Predictive visual outcome after macula\u2013off retina detachment surgery using optical coherence tomography","volume":"25","author":"Muraine","year":"2005","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2013.136","article-title":"Characteristics of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and their relationship to visual outcome","volume":"27","author":"Williamson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"429","article-title":"Clinical analysis of retinal detachment","volume":"19","author":"Chung","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Korean Ophthalmol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-019-02084-7","article-title":"Rhegmatogenous retinal detachments: Primary reattachment rates and visual outcomes over a 4-year period","volume":"189","author":"Murtagh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ir. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sung, J.-Y., Lee, M.-W., Won, Y.-K., Lim, H.-B., and Kim, J.-Y. (2020). Clinical characteristics and prognosis of Total Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: A matched case-control study. BMC Ophthalmol., 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-020-01560-4"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1159\/000514538","article-title":"Predictive factors for long-term postoperative visual outcome in patients with macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment treated with vitrectomy","volume":"244","author":"Chatziralli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)76695-4","article-title":"An updated classification of retinal detachment with proliferative vitreoretinopathy","volume":"112","author":"Machemer","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"R Core Team (2022). R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Available online: https:\/\/www.R-project.org\/."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Wickham, H. (2026, April 07). Stringr: Simple, Consistent Wrappers for Common String Operations. Available online: https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=stringr."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wickham, H. (2016). ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis, Springer. Available online: https:\/\/ggplot2.tidyverse.org.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-24277-4_9"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Venables, W.N., and Ripley, B.D. (2002). Modern Applied Statistics with S, Springer. [4th ed.].","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-21706-2"},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Schauberger, P., and Walker, A. (2026, April 07). Openxlsx: Read, Write and Edit Xlsx Files. Available online: https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=openxlsx."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"7807596","article-title":"Classifications for proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR): An analysis of their use in publications over the last 15 years","volume":"2016","author":"Kadhim","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"54","article-title":"Evaluation of the factors affecting visual outcome after successful pars Plana vitrectomy surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment","volume":"8","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"3187","article-title":"Functional and anatomical outcomes of fovea on, fovea off, and fovea-splitting rhegmatogenous retinal detachment","volume":"261","author":"Barequet","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arbeitsphysiologie"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zaletel Benda, P., Vratanar, B., Petrovski, G., Gavri\u0107, A.U., Matovi\u0107, K., Gornik, A., Vergot, K., Lumi, A., and Lumi, X. (2020). Prognostic factor analysis of visual outcome after vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. J. Clin. Med., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9103251"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1159\/000499130","article-title":"Long-term outcome of patients operated with pars Plana vitrectomy for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment","volume":"63","author":"Poulsen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Res."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2022.2081980","article-title":"Predictors of vision loss after surgery for macula-sparing rhegmatogenous retinal detachment","volume":"47","author":"Gopal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.3341\/kjo.2022.0057","article-title":"Preoperative and postoperative factors affecting functional success in anatomically successful retinal detachment surgery","volume":"36","author":"Guner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Korean J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001512","article-title":"Factors associated with visual outcome after macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment surgery","volume":"38","author":"Park","year":"2018","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"972","article-title":"Prognostic factors for visual recovery in idiopathic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: A prospective study of 90 patients","volume":"99","author":"Zgolli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Tunis. Med."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1190","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14777","article-title":"Functional and anatomical outcomes after successful repair of macula-off retinal detachment: A 12-month follow-up of the DOREFA study","volume":"99","author":"Baudin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3217","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-39839-2","article-title":"Correlation between preoperative factors and final visual acuity after successful rhegmatogenous retinal reattachment","volume":"9","author":"Hirata","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."}],"container-title":["Diagnostics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/16\/11\/1696\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T12:11:50Z","timestamp":1780575110000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/16\/11\/1696"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["diagnostics16111696"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics16111696","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4418"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-4418","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]]}}}