{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T10:53:15Z","timestamp":1782125595229,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]],"date-time":"2026-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782000000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Metastases to the uterine cervix from extragenital malignancies represent uncommon clinical events, with breast invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) documented as the predominant primary source in reported literature. Objectives\/Aim: To characterize the clinicopathologic features of ILCs metastatic to the uterine cervix. Methods: We performed a PubMed search using several keywords. Results: A total of 29 studies were included in the final analysis. The mean age at presentation of cervical metastasis was 56.8 \u00b1 2.0 years. The mean interval between the initial diagnosis of ILC and the detection of cervical metastasis was 55.6 \u00b1 8.2 months. Clinical presentations included vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain, and unhealthy enlarged, indurated uterine cervix on local examination. The diagnosis was established via tissue biopsy and immunohistochemical stains (positive reactivity for CK7, ER, PR, E-Cadherin, GATA3, GCDP-15 and mammaglobin). There are no consensus treatment protocols, and therapy should be tailored individually based on the extent of disease. Combined surgical and systemic therapy was the most commonly used modality. Conclusions: Metastasis of breast ILCs to the uterine cervix poses a significant diagnostic challenge. A high index of clinical suspicion and detailed clinical history are essential for accurate diagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics16121925","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T09:49:55Z","timestamp":1782121795000},"page":"1925","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Metastasis of Breast Lobular Carcinoma to the Uterine Cervix: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9366-2211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahmoud Rezk Abdelwahed","family":"Hussein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University Hospitals, Assiut 71515, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toka Mahmoud Rezk Abdelwahed","family":"Hussein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2023","volume":"73","author":"Siegel","year":"2023","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0756.2011.01747.x","article-title":"Adenocarcinoma metastatic to the uterine cervix: A case series","volume":"38","author":"Salazar","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.21614\/chirurgia.113.4.564","article-title":"Metastatic Breast Cancer to the Cervix Presenting with Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding During Chemotherapy: A Case Report and Literature Review","volume":"113","author":"Abdalla","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chirurgia"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"211","article-title":"Breast carcinoma metastasizing to the uterus","volume":"6","author":"Patriarca","year":"1985","journal-title":"Eur. J. Gynaecol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"637\u2013641; discussion 641\u2013642","article-title":"Metastatic patterns of invasive lobular versus invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast","volume":"114","author":"Borst","year":"1993","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-016-3845-5","article-title":"Time trends in incidence rates and survival of newly diagnosed stage IV breast cancer by tumor histology: A population-based analysis","volume":"157","author":"Freedman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res. Treat."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pellecchia, G., Restaino, S., Alfare Lovo, M., Arcieri, M., Della Martina, M., Petrillo, M., Capobianco, G., Driul, L., Vizzielli, G., and The Gynecological Oncological Tumor Board Group (2026). Late Cervical Recurrence of Invasive Lobular Carcinoma Ten Years After Primary Breast Cancer: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Healthcare, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare14020201"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1978","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19840501)53:9<1978::AID-CNCR2820530929>3.0.CO;2-1","article-title":"Metastases to the female genital tract. Analysis of 325 cases","volume":"53","author":"Mazur","year":"1984","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amsu.2020.01.008","article-title":"Metastatic invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast to the endometrium presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding; Case report","volume":"51","author":"Arif","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(59)90044-4","article-title":"Carcinoma metastatic to the uterine cervix","volume":"77","author":"Wallach","year":"1959","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3472","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19930601)71:11<3472::AID-CNCR2820711103>3.0.CO;2-V","article-title":"Metastatic adenocarcinoma to the uterine cervix from gastric cancer. A clinicopathologic analysis of 16 cases","volume":"71","author":"Imachi","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2005.01.054","article-title":"Metastatic carcinoma of the gallbladder mimicking an advanced cervical carcinoma","volume":"97","author":"Frumovitz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gynecol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2002","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19860515)57:10<2002::AID-CNCR2820571021>3.0.CO;2-L","article-title":"Epithelial tumors metastatic to the uterine cervix. A study of 33 cases and review of the literature","volume":"57","author":"Lemoine","year":"1986","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1962.tb34666.x","article-title":"Anatomy of the human uterine cervix, gross and microscopic","volume":"97","author":"Krantz","year":"1962","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1098","article-title":"The pathogenesis of cancer metastasis: The \u2018seed and soil\u2019 hypothesis revisited","volume":"3","author":"Fidler","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc865","article-title":"Dissemination and growth of cancer cells in metastatic sites","volume":"2","author":"Chambers","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1038\/35065016","article-title":"Involvement of chemokine receptors in breast cancer metastasis","volume":"410","author":"Muller","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1186\/s12957-022-02648-5","article-title":"Metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma to the uterine cervix-a case report and review of the literature","volume":"20","author":"Bahall","year":"2022","journal-title":"World J. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"103","article-title":"Significance of the variation of the lymphatic outflow from the cervix and corpus uteri in metastasized cancer","volume":"41","author":"Antipova","year":"1965","journal-title":"Akush Ginekol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e3181d6b8fd","article-title":"Metastatic carcinomas in the cervix mimicking primary cervical adenocarcinoma and adenocarcinoma in situ: Report of a series of cases","volume":"34","author":"McCluggage","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1159\/000218367","article-title":"Metastasis of lobular breast carcinoma to the uterus in a patient under anastrozole therapy","volume":"32","author":"Ustaalioglu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Onkologie"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.4103\/jcrt.JCRT_469_18","article-title":"Lobular carcinoma of the breast with metastasis to the uterine cervix","volume":"15","author":"Vieira","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cancer Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjog.2021.03.033","article-title":"Massive metastasis of breast cancer to female genital organs","volume":"60","author":"Lim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Taiwan. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"500","article-title":"Uterine metastasis of invasive lobular breast carcinoma. Case report and review of the literature with reference to differential diagnostic problems and clinical consequences","volume":"119","author":"Kemp","year":"1997","journal-title":"Zentralbl. Gynakol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.47102\/annals-acadmedsg.V29N6p780","article-title":"An unusual tumour metastasis to the cervix","volume":"29","author":"Kesavan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann. Acad. Med. Singap."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1159\/000328569","article-title":"Signet ring cell lobular carcinoma of the breast presenting in a cervicovaginal smear. A case report","volume":"44","author":"Pambuccian","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Cytol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-109374","article-title":"Distinct Pattern of Metastases in Patients with Invasive Lobular Carcinoma of the Breast","volume":"77","author":"Mathew","year":"2017","journal-title":"Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.32074\/1591-951X-1043","article-title":"Invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast: We diagnose it, but do we know what it is?","volume":"116","author":"Cserni","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pathologica"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2015-0173-CP","article-title":"Practical Applications in Immunohistochemistry: Carcinomas of Unknown Primary Site","volume":"140","author":"Kandalaft","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.31557\/APJCP.2023.24.2.509","article-title":"Comparison of GATA-3, Mammaglobin and GCDFP-15 Expression in Primary, Metastatic and Triple Negative Breast Carcinomas: An Indian Scenario","volume":"24","author":"Rao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Selves, J., Long-Mira, E., Mathieu, M.C., Rochaix, P., and Ilie, M. (2018). Immunohistochemistry for Diagnosis of Metastatic Carcinomas of Unknown Primary Site. Cancers, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers10040108"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uchida, S., and Sugino, T. (2024). Insights into E-Cadherin Impairment in CDH1-Unaltered Invasive Lobular Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Bioinformatic Study. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25168961"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1007\/s12282-024-01649-4","article-title":"Comprehensive characterization of invasive mammary carcinoma with lobular features: Integrating morphology and E-cadherin immunohistochemistry patterns","volume":"32","author":"Sung","year":"2025","journal-title":"Breast Cancer"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182985","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/182985","article-title":"Glioblastoma Circulating Cells: Reality, Trap or Illusion?","volume":"2015","author":"Lombard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.10115","article-title":"Antiangiogenic activity of endostatin inhibits C6 glioma growth","volume":"97","author":"Peroulis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm2030136","article-title":"Mechanisms of Metastatic Tumor Dormancy","volume":"2","author":"Osisami","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc2622","article-title":"Metastasis: From dissemination to organ-specific colonization","volume":"9","author":"Nguyen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Narbe, U., Bendahl, P.O., Aaltonen, K., Ferno, M., Forsare, C., Jorgensen, C.L.T., Larsson, A.M., and Ryden, L. (2020). The Distribution of Circulating Tumor Cells Is Different in Metastatic Lobular Compared to Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast-Long-Term Prognostic Significance. Cells, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9071718"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rima, X.Y., Majumder, S., Hu, C., Patel, D.S., Li, H., Huang, X., Nguyen, K.T., Doon-Ralls, J., Nagaraj, C.K., and Hade, M.D. (2026). Multidimensional Cellular Micro-Compartments to Model Invasive Lobular Carcinoma Dormancy. bioRxiv, e04981.","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.01.09.698501"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114298","DOI":"10.5306\/wjco.v17.i2.114298","article-title":"Microenvironment plays a critical role in modulating tumor cell dormancy: Current perspectives and potential treatment options","volume":"17","author":"Qian","year":"2026","journal-title":"World J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2442","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-019-05916-9","article-title":"MiR-525-5p Repressed Metastasis and Anoikis Resistance in Cervical Cancer via Blocking UBE2C\/ZEB1\/2 Signal Axis","volume":"65","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Christgen, M., Cserni, G., Floris, G., Marchio, C., Djerroudi, L., Kreipe, H., Derksen, P.W.B., and Vincent-Salomon, A. (2021). Lobular Breast Cancer: Histomorphology and Different Concepts of a Special Spectrum of Tumors. Cancers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13153695"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Redoute-Timonnier, C., and Auguste, P. (2024). Implication of the Extracellular Matrix in Metastatic Tumor Cell Dormancy. Cancers, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16234076"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2023.05.010","article-title":"Thrombospondins in the tumor microenvironment","volume":"155","author":"Petrik","year":"2024","journal-title":"Semin. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"22","article-title":"Cervical cancer immune microenvironment: Mechanisms of HPV-mediated immune evasion and advances in immunotherapy (Review)","volume":"31","author":"Zhou","year":"2026","journal-title":"Oncol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2008.57","article-title":"Dendritic cells and macrophages in the genitourinary tract","volume":"1","author":"Iijima","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"e149950","article-title":"Distinct populations of antigen-specific tissue-resident CD8+ T cells in human cervix mucosa","volume":"6","author":"Peng","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Insight"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01543104","article-title":"CD8+ T lymphocytes are recruited to neoplastic cervix","volume":"15","author":"Bell","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1995.tb00948.x","article-title":"Normal uterine cervix: Characterization of isolated lymphocyte phenotypes and immunoglobulin secretion","volume":"34","author":"Bell","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1438.2000.010005349.x","article-title":"Angiogenesis in the uterine cervix","volume":"10","author":"Abulafia","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gutierrez-Hoya, A., and Soto-Cruz, I. (2021). NK Cell Regulation in Cervical Cancer and Strategies for Immunotherapy. Cells, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10113104"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4036","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.01342-10","article-title":"A pathway for the control of anoikis sensitivity by E-cadherin and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition","volume":"31","author":"Kumar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yao, X., Pham, T., Temple, B., Gray, S., Cannon, C., Chen, R., Abdel-Mageed, A.B., and Biliran, H. (2016). The Anoikis Effector Bit1 Inhibits EMT through Attenuation of TLE1-Mediated Repression of E-Cadherin in Lung Cancer Cells. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0163228"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiang, X., and Ding, J. (2023). Anoikis Patterns in Cervical Cancer: Identification of Subgroups and Construction of a Novel Risk Model for Predicting Prognosis and Immune Response. Front. Biosci., 28.","DOI":"10.31083\/j.fbl2811287"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2006.09.013","article-title":"Somatic inactivation of E-cadherin and p53 in mice leads to metastatic lobular mammary carcinoma through induction of anoikis resistance and angiogenesis","volume":"10","author":"Derksen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165964","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2020.165964","article-title":"P-cadherin induces anoikis-resistance of matrix-detached breast cancer cells by promoting pentose phosphate pathway and decreasing oxidative stress","volume":"1866","author":"Sousa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Basis Dis."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-022-00824-z","article-title":"MicroRNA-485-5p targets keratin 17 to regulate oral cancer stemness and chemoresistance via the integrin\/FAK\/Src\/ERK\/beta-catenin pathway","volume":"29","author":"Jang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Sci."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2033","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.90689","article-title":"MicroRNA-485-5p targets keratin17 to regulate pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and invasion via the FAK\/SRC\/ERK pathway","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"6378","article-title":"Effects of Xihuang Pills on angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis of p rostate cancer based on FAK\/Src\/ERK pathway","volume":"49","author":"Long","year":"2024","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.52.12.880","article-title":"Cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1 expression in normal and neoplastic cervical epithelium","volume":"52","author":"Troncone","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1660","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgt102","article-title":"Undifferentiated embryonic cell transcription factor-1 (UTF1) inhibits the growth of cervical cancer cells by transactivating p27Kip1","volume":"34","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"1637","article-title":"Metastatic breast cancer in the uterine cervix: Two cases of a rare occurrence","volume":"144","author":"Lehoczky","year":"2003","journal-title":"Orv. Hetil."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.3332\/ecancer.2015.571","article-title":"Metastatic lobular carcinoma of breast mimics primary cervix carcinoma: Two case reports and a review of the literature","volume":"9","author":"Lokadasan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ecancermedicalscience"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02966731","article-title":"A case of breast cancer metastasizing to cervix after resection of pancreatic metastasis","volume":"10","author":"Ogino","year":"2003","journal-title":"Breast Cancer"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-003-0500-2","article-title":"Abnormal uterine bleeding as a presentation of metastatic breast disease in a patient with advanced breast cancer on tamoxifen therapy","volume":"270","author":"Famoriyo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"key":"ref_66","first-page":"727","article-title":"Late metastasis of a breast carcinoma to the uterine corpus and cervix","volume":"113","author":"Gerber","year":"1991","journal-title":"Zentralbl Gynakol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0b013e3181ef0b1b","article-title":"Cervical and uterine metastasis from carcinoma of breast diagnosed by PET\/CT: An unusual presentation","volume":"35","author":"Sharma","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-009-1264-0","article-title":"Breast cancer with synchronous massive metastasis in the uterine cervix: A case report and review of the literature","volume":"281","author":"Bogliolo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.5468\/ogs.2017.60.5.481","article-title":"Metastatic uterine cancer looking as cervical fibroid in recurrent breast cancer woman: A case report","volume":"60","author":"Seo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s41073-019-0064-8","article-title":"SANRA-a scale for the quality assessment of narrative review articles","volume":"4","author":"Baethge","year":"2019","journal-title":"Res. Integr. Peer Rev."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1007\/s12672-025-02500-8","article-title":"Cervical metastasis of breast cancer: A case report and review of the literature","volume":"16","author":"Shan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Discov. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_72","first-page":"e68943","article-title":"Uterine Metastasis From Lobular Breast Carcinoma: A Case Report","volume":"16","author":"Faraz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.3892\/mco.2021.2428","article-title":"Uterine metastasis of lobular breast carcinoma under tamoxifen therapy: A case report","volume":"15","author":"Awazu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.24657","article-title":"Metastatic breast carcinoma presenting in the uterine cervix: Lessons learned from liquid-based Pap test","volume":"49","author":"Shi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diagn. Cytopathol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.14740\/jmc3538","article-title":"Metastatic Breast Lobular Carcinoma to Unusual Sites: A Report of Three Cases and Review of Literature","volume":"11","author":"Abdallah","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Cases"},{"key":"ref_76","first-page":"e1840","article-title":"Synchronous Uterine Metastases from Breast Cancer: Case Study and Literature Review","volume":"9","author":"Akhtar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4585","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2017.6822","article-title":"Metastasis of breast cancer to an endometrial polyp, the cervix and a leiomyoma: A case report and review of the literature","volume":"14","author":"Razia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-014-0511-6","article-title":"Solitary uterine metastasis of invasive lobular carcinoma after adjuvant endocrine therapy: A case report","volume":"9","author":"Toyoshima","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Med. Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_79","first-page":"347","article-title":"Metastatic breast cancer to the uterine cervix mimicking a giant cervical leiomyoma","volume":"74","author":"Horikawa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nagoya J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0756.2007.00554.x","article-title":"Metastasis of lobular breast carcinoma to the cervix","volume":"33","author":"Perisic","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2303.2004.00211.x","article-title":"Cytomorphological features of metastatic mammary lobular carcinoma in cervicovaginal smears: Report of a case and review of literature","volume":"16","author":"Haji","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cytopathology"},{"key":"ref_82","first-page":"416","article-title":"Uterine metastases from breast cancer in a patient under tamoxifen therapy. Case report","volume":"20","author":"Dessole","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur. J. Gynaecol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.3109\/07357909909032855","article-title":"Breast cancer metastatic to the uterine cervix: Analysis of a rare event","volume":"17","author":"Hepp","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cancer Invest."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1111\/his.12625","article-title":"GATA-binding protein 3, gross cystic disease fluid protein-15 and mammaglobin have distinct prognostic implications in different invasive breast carcinoma subgroups","volume":"67","author":"Ni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-017-4645-2","article-title":"GATA-3 is superior to GCDFP-15 and mammaglobin to identify primary and metastatic breast cancer","volume":"169","author":"Ni","year":"2018","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res. Treat."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellbi.2008.01.007","article-title":"Alterations of estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors and c-erbB2 oncogene protein expression in ductal carcinomas of the breast","volume":"32","author":"Hussein","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Biol. Int."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1097\/PAP.0000000000000095","article-title":"Recent Developments in Non-HPV-related Adenocarcinomas of the Lower Female Genital Tract and Their Precursors","volume":"23","author":"McCluggage","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Anat. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000001224","article-title":"Clinical Outcomes of HPV-associated and Unassociated Endocervical Adenocarcinomas Categorized by the International Endocervical Adenocarcinoma Criteria and Classification (IECC)","volume":"43","author":"Stolnicu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Itkin, B., Garcia, A., Straminsky, S., Adelchanow, E.D., Pereyra, M., Haab, G.A., and Bardach, A. (2021). Prevalence of HER2 overexpression and amplification in cervical cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE, 16.","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-288200\/v1"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1002\/cncy.21393","article-title":"GATA3: A promising marker for metastatic breast carcinoma in serous effusion specimens","volume":"122","author":"Shield","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Cytopathol."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2022.04.006","article-title":"TRPS1, GATA3, and SOX10 expression in triple-negative breast carcinoma","volume":"125","author":"Yoon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hum. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.10-90003-20","article-title":"Extending survival with chemotherapy in metastatic breast cancer","volume":"10","year":"2005","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.3892\/mco.2025.2839","article-title":"Breast cancer metastasis to the reproductive system: Report of 2 cases and literature review: A case report","volume":"22","author":"Liao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Clin. Oncol."}],"container-title":["Diagnostics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/16\/12\/1925\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T10:34:24Z","timestamp":1782124464000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/16\/12\/1925"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]]},"references-count":93,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["diagnostics16121925"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics16121925","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4418"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-4418","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]]}}}