{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T09:49:59Z","timestamp":1782899399660,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Abdominal pain in hematological patients, particularly during chemotherapy-induced neutropenia, represents a significant diagnostic challenge due to the broad spectrum of potentially life-threatening conditions, including neutropenic enterocolitis (NEC). Computed tomography (CT) is considered the reference imaging modality; however, its use is limited by radiation exposure, and the need for patient transport. Bedside ultrasound (BS-US) may offer a rapid, non-invasive, and repeatable alternative. Methods: This prospective study compared BS-US and CT in 65 hematological patients presenting with acute abdominal pain. Concordance between the two modalities was evaluated in terms of intestinal site localization, bowel wall thickness (BWT), and final diagnosis. Diagnostic agreement was assessed using Cohen\u2019s kappa coefficient, and additional diagnostic accuracy metrics\u2014including sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value\u2014were calculated. BWT measurements were analyzed using Bland\u2013Altman methods. Results: A high level of agreement was observed between BS-US and CT in both intestinal localization and final diagnosis. Agreement for intestinal site localization was good (Cohen\u2019s \u03ba = 0.964), as was diagnostic concordance (Cohen\u2019s \u03ba = 0.962), and using CT as the reference standard, BS-US showed uniformly good diagnostic performance across all evaluated conditions, with sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV consistently reaching 1.00 and confirming strong agreement between BS-US and CT. These findings were consistent across different clinical settings (hematology unit and Intensive Care Unit) and independent of body mass index. In NEC cases, BWT measurements showed strong concordance between CT and BS-US, with only 4.6% of values outside the limits of agreement in Bland\u2013Altman analysis. Conclusions: BS-US demonstrated a good agreement with CT and proved to be a reliable, safe diagnostic tool in hematological patients with acute abdominal pain. These findings indicate that bedside ultrasound represents a valuable and safe diagnostic tool in neutropenic hematological patients with acute abdominal pain, providing crucial information in a clinically fragile population that may not always be suitable for CT due to their unstable condition. While our study is hypothesis-generating, the role of BS-US in this setting emerges as a reasonable, evidence-supported hypothesis that warrants further prospective evaluation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics16132059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T08:19:02Z","timestamp":1782893942000},"page":"2059","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bedside Ultrasound Versus Computed Tomography in Adult Neutropenic Patients with Acute Abdominal Symptoms: A Comparative Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Maria Costanza","family":"Caparello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, UO Haematology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, 56127 Pisa, Italy"},{"name":"Societ\u00e0 Italiana di Ultrasonografia in Medicina e Biologia (SIUMB), Via dei Gracchi 278, 00192 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salvatore Massimo","family":"Stella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Societ\u00e0 Italiana di Ultrasonografia in Medicina e Biologia (SIUMB), Via dei Gracchi 278, 00192 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7783-0262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riccardo","family":"Morganti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Statistics, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, 56127 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8478-7370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emilia","family":"Bramanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemistry of Organo Metallic Compounds (ICCOM), CNR, Via G Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Arena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Radiologia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, 56127 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Cerri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Radiologia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, 56127 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katia","family":"Valentini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesia and Maternal-Infantile Resuscitation Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, 56127 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"De Simone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesia and Maternal-Infantile Resuscitation Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, 56127 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7899-5966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Galimberti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, UO Haematology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, 56127 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5295-2087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edoardo","family":"Benedetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, UO Haematology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, 56127 Pisa, Italy"},{"name":"Societ\u00e0 Italiana di Ultrasonografia in Medicina e Biologia (SIUMB), Via dei Gracchi 278, 00192 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benedetti, E., Bruno, B., Martini, F., Morganti, R., Bramanti, E., Caracciolo, F., Galimberti, S., Lippolis, P., Neri, E., and Arena, C. 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