{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T00:21:26Z","timestamp":1793319686386,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Istanbul Topkapi University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: The first permanent molar (M1) is critical for occlusal development but is highly susceptible to caries and molar\u2013incisor hypomineralization (MIH). When M1 prognosis is poor, extraction may be necessary, requiring accurate evaluation for post-extraction space management. This study aims to develop and validate an automated deep learning framework using YOLOv8n with oriented bounding boxes (OBB) to predict the likelihood of spontaneous space closure following M1 extractions, thereby reducing diagnostic subjectivity and inter-observer variability. Methods: A dataset of 200 pediatric panoramic radiographs was segmented into quadrants and annotated for second permanent molars (M2s) and third molars (M3s). The YOLOv8n-OBB architecture was trained on 640 \u00d7 640 pixel images over 100 epochs. The framework integrated M3 presence, M2 Demirjian developmental maturity (proxied by bounding box height), and M2 angulation (via rotation vectors) to map inputs onto an evidence-based clinical decision matrix for prognostic stratification. Results: The model achieved exceptional detection and localization performance with an overall mean average precision (mAP@0.5) of 0.983. Class-specific validation showed high accuracy for M2 (F1-score = 0.978) and M3 (F1-score = 0.904). Quantitative cross-referencing confirmed a seamless mapping of spatial coordinates onto clinical success classes without error propagation. Conclusions: These findings substantiate the YOLOv8n-OBB model as a robust and interpretable decision-support tool. By standardizing prognostic assessments and optimizing treatment planning workflows, the framework serves as an effective aid in pediatric dentistry for managing M1 extractions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics16142141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T15:40:09Z","timestamp":1783525209000},"page":"2141","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Automated Prognostic Evaluation of First Permanent Molar Extractions Using YOLOv8 with Oriented Bounding Boxes on Pediatric Panoramic Radiographs"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6076-1715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aslihan","family":"Yelkenci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Health Sciences, 34668 Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00fcnseli","family":"G\u00fcven Polat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Health Sciences, 34668 Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3062-2404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatih","family":"Ciftci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Vak\u0131f University, 34015 Istanbul, Turkey"},{"name":"Biomedical Electronic Design Application and Research Center (BETAM), Fatih Sultan Mehmet Vak\u0131f University, 34015 Istanbul, Turkey"},{"name":"BioriginAI Research Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Vak\u0131f University, 34015 Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9875-4860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javad","family":"Rahebi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Istanbul Topkapi University, 34662 Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1038\/s41415-024-8012-5","article-title":"Advances in knowledge and practice benefiting the health and management of first permanent molars in children","volume":"238","author":"Taylor","year":"2025","journal-title":"Br. 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