{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T11:19:17Z","timestamp":1783595957087,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Multisensory inputs generate a common gravity-reference frame, but just the otoliths sense the gravity vector. Graviception is frequently assessed by setting a luminous line to the subjective visual vertical (S.V.V.). Population aging and diabetes prevalence, with insufficient physical activity, imply the need to ponder these factors in clinical assessments. This study aimed to assess S.V.V. accuracy\/precision in adults with\/without diabetes, according to age, physical activity, and general characteristics. Methods: Participants were 262 adults without diabetes (21\u201380 years old (y.o.)) and 187 adults with diabetes (28\u201380 y.o.; matched with 187 without diabetes). All participants had no history of otology\/vestibular\/neurology\/autoimmune\/orthopedic\/severe renal disease or proliferative retinopathy or traumatic injury or balance complaints. After audiology\u2013vestibular evaluations, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire was self-administered and the S.V.V. was estimated during static and on-axis rotation conditions. Results: In participants without diabetes, S.V.V. precision but not S.V.V. accuracy decreased after the age of 50 years, with no further decrease after the age of 70 years (up to 80 y.o.); the main cofactors contributing to the variability on the S.V.V. precision were physical activity and sitting time, with inconsistent contribution from a history of COVID-19 (R = 0.44 static and 0.35 on-axis, p &lt; 0.00001). In participants with diabetes, the major contribution to the S.V.V. precision variability was from diabetes and age (R = 0.33, static and 31 on-axis, p &lt; 0.00001). Conclusions: Apart from aging, the sensorimotor process affected by insufficient physical activity and sedentary behavior includes vestibular decline. The complex pathophysiology of diabetes may account for the contribution from these cofactors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics16142144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T15:40:09Z","timestamp":1783525209000},"page":"2144","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Accuracy and Precision of the Subjective Visual Vertical According to Age in Adults With\/Without Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2165-1422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathrine","family":"J\u00e1uregui-Renaud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n M\u00e9dica en Otoneurolog\u00eda, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1226-7533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Ad\u00e1n","family":"Miguel-Puga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n M\u00e9dica en Otoneurolog\u00eda, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aida","family":"Garc\u00eda-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n M\u00e9dica en Otoneurolog\u00eda, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda de Lourdes","family":"Tirado-Mondrag\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital General de Zona 8, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 01090, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.3233\/VES-1992-2102","article-title":"Influence of visual, vestibular, cervical and somatosensory tilt information on ocular rotation and perception of the horizontal","volume":"2","author":"Bekkering","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. 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