{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T10:18:31Z","timestamp":1783678711283,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: This study aimed to evaluate longitudinal changes in retinal layers, retinal vessel diameters, and choroidal thickness using optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients with central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO). Methods: This retrospective study included 35 patients (70 eyes) diagnosed with unilateral CRAO between 1 January 2020 and 5 January 2024. Unaffected fellow eyes served as internal controls. OCT-based macular segmentation, retinal arterial and venous diameter measurements, and subfoveal and peripapillary choroidal thickness were assessed in the acute phase (&lt;24 h) and at 1-month and 6-month follow-up visits. Subgroup analyses compared patients who received hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) with those who did not. Statistical analyses included t-tests, Mann\u2013Whitney U, Wilcoxon signed-rank, and chi-square tests. Results: Retinal arterial and venous diameters showed significant narrowing during follow-up (arteries: 77.91\u2009 \u00b1 \u200911.77 \u00b5m to 70.74\u2009 \u00b1 \u200915.12 \u00b5m; veins: 130.94\u2009 \u00b1 \u200922.54 \u00b5m to 118.57\u2009 \u00b1 \u200920.61 \u00b5m; both p\u2009 &lt; \u20090.05). Macular segmentation demonstrated marked thinning of the inner retinal layers, most prominently in the retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell layer (40.09 \u00b1 26.86 to 12.51 \u00b1 4.99 \u00b5m and 61.20 \u00b1 25.83 to 24.26 \u00b1 12.11 \u00b5m, respectively; both p = 0.001). Subfoveal choroidal thickness progressively decreased over time (from 206.40 \u00b1 34.91 \u00b5m to 178.86 \u00b1 28.28 \u00b5m, p = 0.009). Peripapillary choroidal thickness increased across all quadrants at 6 months, most consistently in the inferior quadrant (p = 0.001). No significant differences in retinal or choroidal parameters were observed between HBOT-treated and non-treated patients. All cases exhibited persistent vascular occlusion without reperfusion. Conclusions: CRAO is characterized by progressive inner retinal atrophy, retinal vessel narrowing, and distinct temporal changes in choroidal morphology. The relative preservation and subsequent increase in peripapillary choroidal thickness during follow-up suggest dynamic choroidal involvement despite persistent occlusion. OCT-based macular segmentation and retinal vessel analysis provide objective biomarkers for longitudinal structural assessment in CRAO. By jointly quantifying retinal layer, retinal vascular, and choroidal remodeling, these findings may also provide reference data for future studies of structural evolution in non-reperfused CRAO.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics16142159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T09:46:47Z","timestamp":1783676807000},"page":"2159","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Retinal, Vascular, and Choroidal Remodeling After Non-Reperfused Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: A Longitudinal OCT Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9813-8168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tahsin","family":"Ak\u00e7ao\u011flu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Denizli State Hospital, Denizli 20010, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9509-8500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G\u00f6khan","family":"Pekel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli 20160, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2483-4435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emine","family":"Seker Un","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli 20160, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.4103\/2211-5056.353126","article-title":"A review of the management of central retinal artery occlusion","volume":"12","author":"Madike","year":"2022","journal-title":"Taiwan J. 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