{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T04:05:19Z","timestamp":1784174719134,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: To determine the incidence of persistent avascular retina (PAR) and identify associated risk factors in patients with a history of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) evaluated with ultra-widefield imaging. Methods: A retrospective case\u2013control study was conducted on patients with a history of ROP evaluated with ultra-widefield imaging at a tertiary care center in Mexico. Clinical variables were analyzed, with PAR as the primary outcome. Associations were assessed using binary logistic regression models. Results: Ninety-two patients were included, of whom 12 (13.0%) presented with PAR. Receiving \u22652 anti-VEGF injections was significantly associated with PAR (OR 4.48; 95% CI 1.21\u201316.64; p = 0.032), an association that remained consistent after adjustment for gestational age and maternal factors. Additionally, maternal preeclampsia and chorioamnionitis were independently associated with PAR. Conclusions: Persistent avascular retina appears to result from a complex interplay of prenatal and postnatal factors affecting retinal vascular development. Patients requiring repeated anti-VEGF treatment and those exposed to adverse maternal conditions may represent a subgroup at increased risk for incomplete peripheral retinal vascularization, supporting the need for long-term retinal surveillance after ROP regression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics16142218","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T03:34:23Z","timestamp":1784172863000},"page":"2218","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Incidence and Risk Factors for Persistent Avascular Retina in Patients with a History of Retinopathy of Prematurity in Mexico"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1970-799X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marlon","family":"Garc\u00eda-Roa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Retina, Instituto Mexicano de Oftalmolog\u00eda, Quer\u00e9taro 76090, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4602-3813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9sar","family":"Valdez-Benavides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Retina, Instituto Mexicano de Oftalmolog\u00eda, Quer\u00e9taro 76090, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5384-5339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kouatzin","family":"Aguilar-Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Instituto Mexicano de Oftalmologia, Quer\u00e9taro 76090, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9578-6362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmad","family":"Santina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stein Eye Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2430-643X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ver\u00f3nica A.","family":"Romero-Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Retina, Instituto Mexicano de Oftalmolog\u00eda, Quer\u00e9taro 76090, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1007374","article-title":"Efficacy of Intravitreal Bevacizumab for Stage 3+ Retinopathy of Prematurity","volume":"364","author":"Kennedy","year":"2011","journal-title":"N. 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