{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T05:01:45Z","timestamp":1784523705345,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":130,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Liver metastasis constitutes the principal cause of mortality in colorectal cancer, with about 50% of patients developing liver metastasis during disease progression. While surgical resection remains the cornerstone of curative-intent treatment, thermal ablation is rapidly reshaping the landscape of local tumor control in well-selected individuals. This comprehensive review analyzes the evolving role of thermal ablation in the management of resectable, unresectable, and recurrent disease, with the aim of establishing contemporary best practices and identifying critical frontiers for future research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics16142239","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T02:32:08Z","timestamp":1784514728000},"page":"2239","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Thermal Ablation for Colorectal Liver Metastases: Current Evidence and Future Horizons"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Xinliang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenlong","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center\/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer\/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiguang","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound, National Cancer Center\/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer\/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China"},{"name":"Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center\/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer\/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1002\/cac2.12627","article-title":"Cancer situation in China: An analysis based on the global epidemiological data released in 2024","volume":"45","author":"Diao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Commun."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"209","article-title":"Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-025-07647-2","article-title":"3D genome landscape of primary and metastatic colorectal carcinoma reveals the regulatory mechanism of tumorigenic and metastatic gene expression","volume":"8","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-00922-2","article-title":"Colorectal liver metastasis: Molecular mechanism and interventional therapy","volume":"7","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Calderon Novoa, F., Ardiles, V., de Santiba\u00f1es, E., Pekolj, J., Goransky, J., Mazza, O., S\u00e1nchez Claria, R., and de Santiba\u00f1es, M. (2023). Pushing the Limits of Surgical Resection in Colorectal Liver Metastasis: How Far Can We Go?. Cancers, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15072113"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2019.12.002","article-title":"Microwave ablation versus resection for colorectal cancer liver metastases\u2014A propensity score analysis from a population-based nationwide registry","volume":"46","author":"Tinguely","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000004331","article-title":"Choices of Therapeutic Strategies for Colorectal Liver Metastases Among Expert Liver Surgeons: A Throw of the Dice?","volume":"272","author":"Ignatavicius","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meng, Z., Li, B., Zhou, C., Cao, L., Zhang, J., Feng, J., and Wang, G. (2025). Comparative outcomes of combined thermal ablation and liver resection versus liver resection alone for multiple colorectal liver metastases: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front. Oncol., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2025.1613615"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e223135","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.223135","article-title":"Outcomes Following Different Thermal Ablation Strategies in Patients with Unresectable Colorectal Liver Metastases","volume":"308","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nieuwenhuizen, S., Puijk, R.S., van den Bemd, B., Aldrighetti, L., Arntz, M., van den Boezem, P.B., Bruynzeel, A.M.E., Burgmans, M.C., de Cobelli, F., and Coolsen, M.M.E. (2020). Resectability and Ablatability Criteria for the Treatment of Liver Only Colorectal Metastases: Multidisciplinary Consensus Document from the COLLISION Trial Group. Cancers, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12071779"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-018-1959-3","article-title":"Radiofrequency and Microwave Ablation Compared to Systemic Chemotherapy and to Partial Hepatectomy in the Treatment of Colorectal Liver Metastases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"41","author":"Meijerink","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Interv. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hpb.2024.05.008","article-title":"Assessment by a multidisciplinary team conference affects treatment strategy and overall survival in patients with synchronous colorectal liver metastases","volume":"26","author":"Arbman","year":"2024","journal-title":"HPB"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.21037\/hbsn-23-677","article-title":"Radiofrequency ablation versus microwave ablation for colorectal liver metastases: Long-term results of a retrospective cohort surgical experience","volume":"13","author":"Sarioglu","year":"2024","journal-title":"HepatoBiliary Surg. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3672","article-title":"Thermal ablation of tumours: Biological mechanisms and advances in therapy","volume":"14","author":"Chu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e221373","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.221373","article-title":"Ablative Margins of Colorectal Liver Metastases Using Deformable CT Image Registration and Autosegmentation","volume":"307","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.3109\/02656736.2014.984000","article-title":"Study of the relationship between the target tissue necrosis volume and the target tissue size in liver tumours using two-compartment finite element RFA modelling","volume":"30","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyperth."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.3109\/02656736.2015.1032370","article-title":"Cell death, perfusion and electrical parameters are critical in models of hepatic radiofrequency ablation","volume":"31","author":"Hall","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyperth."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.21265","article-title":"MR thermometry","volume":"27","author":"Rieke","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Magn. Reson. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-010-9869-z","article-title":"Thermal ablation of lung tissue: In vivo experimental comparison of microwave and radiofrequency","volume":"33","author":"Crocetti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Interv. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1080\/02656736.2016.1190868","article-title":"Computer modelling of an impedance-controlled pulsing protocol for RF tumour ablation with a cooled electrode","volume":"32","author":"Trujillo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyperth."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.174.2.1740323","article-title":"Thermal ablation therapy for focal malignancy: A unified approach to underlying principles, techniques, and diagnostic imaging guidance","volume":"174","author":"Goldberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"AJR Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevBiomedEng.v38.i1.60","article-title":"Microwave tissue ablation: Biophysics, technology, and applications","volume":"38","author":"Brace","year":"2010","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2016.02.012","article-title":"Stress Test of Contrast-Enhanced US with Phenylephrine in a Rabbit VX2 Liver Tumor Model: Differentiating Benign Periablational Enhancement from Residual Tumor after Radiofrequency Ablation","volume":"27","author":"Kan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"479","article-title":"Transoesophageal echocardiography reduces invasiveness of cavoatrial tumour thrombectomy","volume":"9","author":"Golabek","year":"2014","journal-title":"Videosurgery Other Miniinvasive Tech."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-012-0497-7","article-title":"Superselective particle embolization enhances efficacy of radiofrequency ablation: Effects of particle size and sequence of action","volume":"36","author":"Tanaka","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Interv. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3185","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000003185","article-title":"Comparative Efficacy of Interventional Therapies for Early-stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A PRISMA-compliant Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis","volume":"95","author":"Lan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e990","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2018-0337","article-title":"Radiofrequency Ablation and Microwave Ablation in Liver Tumors: An Update","volume":"24","author":"Izzo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1007\/s10396-019-00997-5","article-title":"A review of conventional and newer generation microwave ablation systems for hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"47","author":"Imajo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Ultrason."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S69","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.25si055501","article-title":"Microwave ablation: Principles and applications","volume":"25","author":"Simon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2010.04.007","article-title":"Microwave tumor ablation: Mechanism of action, clinical results, and devices","volume":"21","author":"Lubner","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2009.12.009","article-title":"A comparison of microwave ablation and bipolar radiofrequency ablation both with an internally cooled probe: Results in ex vivo and in vivo porcine livers","volume":"79","author":"Yu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2020.104101","article-title":"Optimal Power for Microwave Slotted Probes in Ablating Different Hepatocellular Carcinoma Sizes","volume":"127","author":"Ashour","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1900192","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201900192","article-title":"Photothermal Therapy Promotes Tumor Infiltration and Antitumor Activity of CAR T Cells","volume":"31","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.3109\/02656731003685805","article-title":"Use of gold nanoshells to constrain and enhance laser thermal therapy of metastatic liver tumours","volume":"26","author":"Elliott","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyperth."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2104139","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202104139","article-title":"Engineering Nano- and Microparticles as Oral Delivery Vehicles to Promote Intestinal Lymphatic Drug Transport","volume":"33","author":"Miao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabo5285","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abo5285","article-title":"Metallo-alginate hydrogel can potentiate microwave tumor ablation for synergistic cancer treatment","volume":"8","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2201","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.7b08868","article-title":"Microwave-Activated Mn-Doped Zirconium Metal-Organic Framework Nanocubes for Highly Effective Combination of Microwave Dynamic and Thermal Therapies Against Cancer","volume":"12","author":"Fu","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2020.07.002","article-title":"Liposomes: Advancements and innovation in the manufacturing process","volume":"154\u2013155","author":"Shah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4299","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-24604-9","article-title":"Tumor-killing nanoreactors fueled by tumor debris can enhance radiofrequency ablation therapy and boost antitumor immune responses","volume":"12","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kron, P., Linecker, M., Jones, R.P., Toogood, G.J., Clavien, P.A., and Lodge, J.P.A. (2019). Ablation or Resection for Colorectal Liver Metastases? A Systematic Review of the Literature. Front. Oncol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2019.01052"},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"Chinese College of Surgeons, Section of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Branch of Surgery, Chinese Medical Association, Section of Colorectal Surgery, Branch of Surgery, Chinese Medical Association, Colorectal Cancer Professional Committee, Chinese Anti-Cancer Association, Colorectal Cancer Professional Committee, Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Colorectal Cancer Expert Committee, Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology, Chinese Society of Colon & Rectal Surgeons, Chinese College of Surgeons, Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Metastasis Research Committee, Anorectal Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Section of Colorectal Oncology, Oncology Branch, Chinese Medical Association, and Branch of Metastatic Tumor Therapy, China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care (2025). Guideline for diagnosis and comprehensive treatment of colorectal liver metastases (version 2025). Chin. J. Gastrointest. Surg., 28, 815\u2013831."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2024.0041","article-title":"NCCN Guidelines\u00ae Insights: Rectal Cancer, Version 3.2024","volume":"22","author":"Benson","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Natl. Compr. Cancer Netw."},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"e240029","article-title":"Colon Cancer, Version 3.2024, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology","volume":"22","author":"Benson","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Natl. Compr. Cancer Netw."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hpb.2018.05.012","article-title":"A comparison of microwave thermosphere versus radiofrequency thermal ablation in the treatment of colorectal liver metastases","volume":"20","author":"Takahashi","year":"2018","journal-title":"HPB"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-013-1997-6","article-title":"Incidence and treatment of local site recurrences following RFA of colorectal liver metastases","volume":"37","author":"Nielsen","year":"2013","journal-title":"World J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2013.12.008","article-title":"Local recurrence rates after radiofrequency ablation or resection of colorectal liver metastases. Analysis of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer #40004 and #40983","volume":"50","author":"Tanis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-016-1413-3","article-title":"MWA Versus RFA for Perivascular and Peribiliary CRLM: A Retrospective Patient- and Lesion-Based Analysis of Two Historical Cohorts","volume":"39","author":"Scheffer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Interv. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-012-0377-1","article-title":"Margin size is an independent predictor of local tumor progression after ablation of colon cancer liver metastases","volume":"36","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Interv. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1007\/s11912-022-01248-6","article-title":"Microwave Ablation, Radiofrequency Ablation, Irreversible Electroporation, and Stereotactic Ablative Body Radiotherapy for Intermediate Size (3\u20135 cm) Unresectable Colorectal Liver Metastases: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Nieuwenhuizen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dijkstra, M., van der Lei, S., Puijk, R.S., Schulz, H.H., Vos, D.J.W., Timmer, F.E.F., Scheffer, H.J., Buffart, T.E., van den Tol, M.P., and Lissenberg-Witte, B.I. (2023). Efficacy of Thermal Ablation for Small-Size (0\u20133 cm) versus Intermediate-Size (3\u20135 cm) Colorectal Liver Metastases: Results from the Amsterdam Colorectal Liver Met Registry (AmCORE). Cancers, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15174346"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-018-0969-2","article-title":"Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) for liver metastasis\u2014Clinical outcomes from the international multi-institutional RSSearch\u00ae Patient Registry","volume":"13","author":"Mahadevan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2016.06.003","article-title":"Stereotactic body radiation therapy for primary and metastatic liver tumors: From technological evolution to improved patient care","volume":"30","year":"2016","journal-title":"Best. Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-023-03498-8","article-title":"Unresectable Intermediate-Size (3\u20135 cm) Colorectal Liver Metastases: Stereotactic Ablative Body Radiotherapy Versus Microwave Ablation (COLLISION-XL): Protocol of a Phase II\/III Multicentre Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"46","author":"Dijkstra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Interv. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2619","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mds053","article-title":"Radiofrequency ablation combined with systemic treatment versus systemic treatment alone in patients with non-resectable colorectal liver metastases: A randomized EORTC Intergroup phase II study (EORTC 40004)","volume":"23","author":"Ruers","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"djx015","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djx015","article-title":"Local Treatment of Unresectable Colorectal Liver Metastases: Results of a Randomized Phase II Trial","volume":"109","author":"Ruers","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2432988","DOI":"10.1080\/02656736.2024.2432988","article-title":"Efficacy of first-line radiofrequency ablation combined with systemic chemotherapy plus targeted therapy for initially unresectable colorectal liver metastases","volume":"42","author":"Kong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyperth."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1080\/02656736.2020.1849823","article-title":"Combined trans-arterial embolisation and microwave ablation for the treatment of large unresectable hepatic metastases (>3 cm in maximal diameter)","volume":"37","author":"Faiella","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyperth."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.21037\/hbsn.2019.06.08","article-title":"Role of thermal ablation in the management of colorectal liver metastasis","volume":"9","author":"Takahashi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatobiliary Surg. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.10447","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of radiofrequency ablation combined with hepatectomy compared with hepatectomy alone for colorectal liver metastases","volume":"104","author":"Imai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br. J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6353","DOI":"10.21873\/anticanres.12993","article-title":"Combined Hepatic Resection and Radio-frequency Ablation for Patients with Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis: A Viable Option for Patients with a Large Number of Tumors","volume":"38","author":"Masuda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anticancer Res."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.12111851","article-title":"Small liver colorectal metastases treated with percutaneous radiofrequency ablation: Local response rate and long-term survival with up to 10-year follow-up","volume":"265","author":"Solbiati","year":"2012","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2017.08.021","article-title":"Percutaneous Microwave versus Radiofrequency Ablation of Colorectal Liver Metastases: Ablation with Clear Margins (A0) Provides the Best Local Tumor Control","volume":"29","author":"Shady","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4278","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-014-3817-0","article-title":"A retrospective comparison of microwave ablation vs. radiofrequency ablation for colorectal cancer hepatic metastases","volume":"21","author":"Fong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2019.07.016","article-title":"Results after simultaneous surgery and RFA liver ablation for patients with colorectal carcinoma and synchronous liver metastases","volume":"45","author":"Jenniskens","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_65","first-page":"599","article-title":"NCCN Guidelines Updates: Management of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer","volume":"17","author":"Messersmith","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Natl. Compr. Cancer Netw."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1186\/s12957-018-1494-3","article-title":"Radiofrequency ablation versus resection for technically resectable colorectal liver metastasis: A propensity score analysis","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"World J. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8398","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.8398","article-title":"Resection vs. ablation for lesions characterized as resectable-ablative within the colorectal liver oligometastases criteria: A propensity score matching from retrospective study","volume":"8","author":"Luo","year":"2020","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6957","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.6957","article-title":"Comparison of percutaneous ablation and hepatectomy for liver metastasis: A single center retrospective study","volume":"13","author":"Tawara","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3310\/hta24210","article-title":"Liver resection surgery compared with thermal ablation in high surgical risk patients with colorectal liver metastases: The LAVA international RCT","volume":"24","author":"Davidson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health Technol. Assess."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9146","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-025-17984-5","article-title":"A Randomized Controlled Trial of Resection Versus Thermal Ablation of Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases (New Comet): Study Protocol","volume":"32","author":"Hansen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(24)00660-0","article-title":"Thermal ablation versus surgical resection of small-size colorectal liver metastases (COLLISION): An international, randomised, controlled, phase 3 non-inferiority trial","volume":"26","author":"Puijk","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e240068","DOI":"10.1148\/rycan.240068","article-title":"Mathematical 3D Liver Model for Surgical versus Ablative Therapy Treatment Planning for Colorectal Liver Metastases: Recommendations from the COLLISION and COLDFIRE Trial Expert Panels","volume":"6","author":"Puijk","year":"2024","journal-title":"Radiol. Imaging Cancer"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2438852","DOI":"10.1080\/02656736.2024.2438852","article-title":"Prospective analysis of the effects of RAS mutation on local tumor progression and overall survival after radiofrequency ablation for colorectal liver metastases","volume":"41","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyperth."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dijkstra, M., Nieuwenhuizen, S., Puijk, R.S., Timmer, F.E.F., Geboers, B., Schouten, E.A.C., Opperman, J., Scheffer, H.J., de Vries, J.J.J., and Versteeg, K.S. (2021). Primary Tumor Sidedness, RAS and BRAF Mutations and MSI Status as Prognostic Factors in Patients with Colorectal Liver Metastases Treated with Surgery and Thermal Ablation: Results from the Amsterdam Colorectal Liver Met Registry (AmCORE). Biomedicines, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9080962"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, J., Li, L., Liu, G., Li, H., Xie, X., Shao, H., Li, L., Zhang, D.Z., Li, K., and Li, Z. (2026). Thermal ablation versus hepatectomy for solitary colorectal liver metastases up to 5 cm: A multicenter target trial emulation on safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness. BMC Med., 24.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-026-04767-2"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1007\/s12029-025-01314-9","article-title":"Comparative Efficacy of Thermal Ablation and Surgical Resection in Patients with Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"56","author":"Shah","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Gastrointest. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2021.05.004","article-title":"Recurrence and survival following microwave, radiofrequency ablation, and hepatic resection of colorectal liver metastases: A systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Gavriilidis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatobiliary Pancreat. Dis. Int."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2020200109","article-title":"A Single-Center Retrospective Analysis of Periprocedural Variables Affecting Local Tumor Progression after Radiofrequency Ablation of Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases","volume":"298","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.23268","article-title":"Laparoscopic radiofrequency ablation for the management of colorectal liver metastases: 10-year experience","volume":"107","author":"Kennedy","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.9649","article-title":"Long-term outcomes following microwave ablation for liver malignancies","volume":"102","author":"Leung","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br. J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000000234","article-title":"Microwave ablation for hepatic malignancies: A multiinstitutional analysis","volume":"259","author":"Groeschl","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.24599","article-title":"Local recurrence after laparoscopic radiofrequency ablation of malignant liver tumors: Results of a contemporary series","volume":"115","author":"Takahashi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5139","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-020-08991-9","article-title":"A Novel Machine-Learning Approach to Predict Recurrence After Resection of Colorectal Liver Metastases","volume":"27","author":"Paredes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1093\/bjs\/znac461","article-title":"Predicting early extrahepatic recurrence after local treatment of colorectal liver metastases","volume":"110","author":"Wensink","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br. J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hpb.2019.10.003","article-title":"Primary tumor location and the prognosis of patients after local treatment of colorectal liver metastases: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Buisman","year":"2020","journal-title":"HPB"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2017.10.026","article-title":"Local recurrence after microwave thermosphere ablation of malignant liver tumors: Results of a surgical series","volume":"163","author":"Takahashi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3438","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-015-3779-z","article-title":"Thermal ablation of colorectal liver metastases: A position paper by an international panel of ablation experts, The Interventional Oncology Sans Fronti\u00e8res meeting 2013","volume":"25","author":"Gillams","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chlorogiannis, D.D., Sotirchos, V.S., Georgiades, C., Filippiadis, D., Arellano, R.S., Gonen, M., Makris, G.C., Garg, T., and Sofocleous, C.T. (2023). The Importance of Optimal Thermal Ablation Margins in Colorectal Liver Metastases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 21 Studies. Cancers, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15245806"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yacr.2025.05.004","article-title":"Curative Intent Percutaneous Thermal Ablation for Colorectal Liver Metastases: State of the Art 2025 Update","volume":"7","author":"Xenos","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Clin. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-024-10956-5","article-title":"Multicenter and inter-software evaluation of ablative margins after thermal ablation of colorectal liver metastases","volume":"35","author":"Laimer","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"znae165","DOI":"10.1093\/bjs\/znae165","article-title":"Identification of A0 minimum ablative margins for colorectal liver metastases: Multicentre, retrospective study using deformable CT registration and artificial intelligence-based autosegmentation","volume":"111","author":"Paolucci","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br. J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0000000000001023","article-title":"Intraprocedural Versus Initial Follow-up Minimal Ablative Margin Assessment After Colorectal Liver Metastasis Thermal Ablation: Which One Better Predicts Local Outcomes?","volume":"59","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Investig. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6327","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-022-08723-5","article-title":"CT-monitored minimal ablative margin control in single-session microwave ablation of liver tumors: An effective strategy for local tumor control","volume":"32","author":"Joo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-022-03333-6","article-title":"Use of Contrast Media During CT-guided Thermal Ablation of Colorectal Liver Metastasis for Procedure Planning is Associated with Improved Immediate Outcomes","volume":"46","author":"Paolucci","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Interv. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2690","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-010-1842-3","article-title":"Comparison of gadolinium-EOB-DTPA-enhanced and diffusion-weighted liver MRI for detection of small hepatic metastases","volume":"20","author":"Shimada","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2024.01.001","article-title":"Three-Dimensional Margin as a Predictor of Local Tumor Progression after Microwave Ablation: Intraprocedural versus 4\u20138-Week Postablation Assessment","volume":"35","author":"Sotirchos","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e248","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(26)00143-9","article-title":"International multisociety Delphi consensus for liver tumour thermal ablation: Margin assessment","volume":"27","author":"Paolucci","year":"2026","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-025-09006-2","article-title":"Real-time 3D confirmation of complete ablation with margins as a local cure for colorectal liver metastases: The ACCLAIM trial","volume":"26","author":"Sofocleous","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vasiniotis Kamarinos, N., Vakiani, E., Gonen, M., Kemeny, N.E., Sigel, C., Saltz, L.B., Brown, K.T., Covey, A.M., Erinjeri, J.P., and Brody, L.A. (2022). Biopsy and Margins Optimize Outcomes after Thermal Ablation of Colorectal Liver Metastases. Cancers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14030693"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2171","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-012-1616-y","article-title":"Liver resection for multiple colorectal liver metastases with surgery up-front approach: Bi-institutional analysis of 736 consecutive cases","volume":"36","author":"Saiura","year":"2012","journal-title":"World J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2458","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-008-9935-9","article-title":"Liver surgery for colorectal metastases: Results after 10 years of follow-up. Long-term survivors, late recurrences, and prognostic role of morbidity","volume":"15","author":"Ferrero","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6678","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-022-09080-z","article-title":"Thermal ablation versus hepatic resection for colorectal cancer with synchronous liver metastases: A propensity score matching study","volume":"32","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2020.11.024","article-title":"Recurrence at surgical margin following hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases is not associated with R1 resection and does not impact survival","volume":"169","author":"Andreou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hpb.2019.10.2445","article-title":"A systematic review of small for size syndrome after major hepatectomy and liver transplantation","volume":"22","author":"Riddiough","year":"2020","journal-title":"HPB"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2022.10.003","article-title":"Metastatic colorectal cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up","volume":"34","author":"Cervantes","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.21037\/jgo.2020.02.05","article-title":"Current status of laparoscopic liver resection for the management of colorectal liver metastases","volume":"11","author":"Kabir","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Gastrointest. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dijkstra, M., Nieuwenhuizen, S., Puijk, R.S., Timmer, F.E.F., Geboers, B., Schouten, E.A.C., Opperman, J., Scheffer, H.J., Vries, J.J.J., and Swijnenburg, R.J. (2021). Thermal Ablation Compared to Partial Hepatectomy for Recurrent Colorectal Liver Metastases: An Amsterdam Colorectal Liver Met Registry (AmCORE) Based Study. Cancers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13112769"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2017.08.008","article-title":"Curative-intent treatment of recurrent colorectal liver metastases: A comparison between ablation and resection","volume":"43","author":"Jones","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1186\/s12957-020-01849-0","article-title":"Clinical analysis of ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation for recurrent colorectal liver metastases after hepatectomy","volume":"18","author":"Fan","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2385","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-009-0492-7","article-title":"The role of preoperative chemotherapy in patients with resectable colorectal liver metastases","volume":"16","author":"Benoist","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2015.04.012","article-title":"The use of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with resectable colorectal liver metastases: Clinical risk score as possible discriminator","volume":"41","author":"Ayez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dijkstra, M., Nieuwenhuizen, S., Puijk, R.S., Geboers, B., Timmer, F.E.F., Schouten, E.A.C., Scheffer, H.J., de Vries, J.J.J., Ket, J.C.F., and Versteeg, K.S. (2021). The Role of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Repeat Local Treatment of Recurrent Colorectal Liver Metastases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13030378"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-013-3421-8","article-title":"Early recurrence after liver resection for colorectal metastases: Risk factors, prognosis, and treatment. A LiverMetSurvey-based study of 6,025 patients","volume":"21","author":"Capussotti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(13)70447-9","article-title":"Perioperative FOLFOX4 chemotherapy and surgery versus surgery alone for resectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer (EORTC 40983): Long-term results of a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"14","author":"Nordlinger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO-25-01231","article-title":"Randomized Phase II\/III Trial Comparing Hepatectomy, Followed by mFOLFOX6 with Hepatectomy Alone for Liver Metastasis from Colorectal Cancer: Long-Term Results of JCOG0603","volume":"44","author":"Kanemitsu","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-023-03602-y","article-title":"Recurrent Colorectal Liver Metastases: Upfront Local Treatment versus Neoadjuvant Systemic Therapy Followed by Local Treatment (COLLISION RELAPSE): Study Protocol of a Phase III Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"47","author":"Dijkstra","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Interv. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2023.102182","article-title":"Efficacy of microwave ablation versus radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of colorectal liver metastases: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"47","author":"Tang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Res. Hepatol. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1826","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.70060","article-title":"Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI for Assessing Histopathological Growth Patterns and Prognosis in Colorectal Liver Metastases","volume":"62","author":"Yin","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Magn. Reson. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spiers, H.V.M., Lancellotti, F., de Liguori Carino, N., Pandanaboyana, S., Frampton, A.E., Jegatheeswaran, S., Nadarajah, V., and Siriwardena, A.K. (2023). Irreversible Electroporation for Liver Metastases from Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review. Cancers, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15092428"},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2021203089","article-title":"Irreversible Electroporation to Treat Unresectable Colorectal Liver Metastases (COLDFIRE-2): A Phase II, Two-Center, Single-Arm Clinical Trial","volume":"299","author":"Meijerink","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2261","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2200075","article-title":"Circulating Tumor DNA Analysis Guiding Adjuvant Therapy in Stage II Colon Cancer","volume":"386","author":"Tie","year":"2022","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1530","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-024-01865-0","article-title":"Clinical value of sequential circulating tumor DNA analysis using next-generation sequencing and epigenetic modifications for guiding thermal ablation for colorectal cancer metastases: A prospective study","volume":"129","author":"Boeken","year":"2024","journal-title":"Radiol. Med."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Minami, Y., Takaki, H., Yamakado, K., and Kudo, M. (2022). How Compatible Are Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Thermal Ablation for Liver Metastases?. Cancers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14092206"},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bonnet, B., Tournier, L., Deschamps, F., Yevich, S., Marabelle, A., Robert, C., Albiges, L., Besse, B., Bonnet, V., and De Ba\u00e8re, T. (2024). Thermal Ablation Combined with Immune Checkpoint Blockers: A 10-Year Monocentric Experience. Cancers, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16050855"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbcan.2025.189393","article-title":"Advances in the combination of immunoadjuvants and tumor ablation: Mediating immune effects to enhance anti-tumor efficacy","volume":"1880","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2019.0528","article-title":"Analysis of Plasma Cell-Free DNA by Ultradeep Sequencing in Patients with Stages I to III Colorectal Cancer","volume":"5","author":"Reinert","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hpb.2023.11.002","article-title":"Combined hepatic resection and ablation for high burden of colorectal liver metastases demonstrates safety and durable survival","volume":"26","author":"Wach","year":"2024","journal-title":"HPB"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1602","DOI":"10.1093\/bjr\/tqae133","article-title":"Preoperative imaging of colorectal liver metastases: What the radiologist and the multidisciplinary team need to know","volume":"97","author":"Dempsey","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br. J. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_129","first-page":"621","article-title":"Out-of-pocket medical costs in relation to resection of colorectal liver metastases in the Australian healthcare system","volume":"33","author":"Bhimani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Support. Care Cancer"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ichim, C., Boicean, A., Todor, S.B., Anderco, P., and B\u00eerlu\u021biu, V. (2025). Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Patients with Alcohol-Associated Cirrhosis: A Clinical Trial. J. Clin. Med., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14175981"}],"container-title":["Diagnostics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/16\/14\/2239\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T04:14:55Z","timestamp":1784520895000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/16\/14\/2239"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]]},"references-count":130,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["diagnostics16142239"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics16142239","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4418"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-4418","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]]}}}