{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T06:48:31Z","timestamp":1785739711872,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]],"date-time":"2026-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: This study aims to compare the imaging performance of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and swept-source OCT (SS-OCT) in the early postoperative assessment of patients undergoing vitreoretinal surgery with intraocular gas or air tamponade. Methods: Seventeen eyes of 17 patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy with either sulfur hexafluoride (SF6, 20%) or air tamponade were prospectively enrolled. All patients underwent OCT imaging on postoperative day 1 using both the SD-OCT system and the SS-OCT platform, without pharmacological mydriasis. Images were independently evaluated by two experienced ophthalmologists based on the ability to delineate four prespecified anatomical layers: inner retinal layers, ellipsoid zone (EZ), retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and choroid. Images were classified as adequate quality if two or more of these structures were identifiable. Results: SS-OCT provided adequate-quality images in all 17 eyes (100%), with complete visualization of the inner retinal layers, EZ, RPE, and choroid in 15 eyes (88.2%). In contrast, SD-OCT yielded adequate-quality images in only three of 17 eyes (17.6%), demonstrating marked signal attenuation, interface artifacts, and inability to resolve deeper retinal structures in most cases. No difference in imaging performance was observed between SF6 and air tamponade subgroups. Conclusions: SS-OCT demonstrates markedly superior imaging performance in gas-filled eyes on postoperative day 1 compared to SD-OCT, primarily attributable to its longer wavelength, reduced sensitivity roll-off, and superior penetration through optically challenging media. These findings suggest that SS-OCT may offer meaningful advantages for early postoperative monitoring following vitreoretinal surgery with tamponade; confirmation in larger prospective cohorts with clinical-outcome correlation is warranted before it can be recommended as the preferred modality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics16152440","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T06:17:40Z","timestamp":1785737860000},"page":"2440","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A New Era in Early Postoperative OCT: Swept-Source Versus Spectral-Domain in Gas-Filled Eyes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5962-852X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Giannuzzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Ophthalmology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4372-8567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mattia","family":"Cusato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Ophthalmology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8557-3964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Umberto","family":"De Vico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Ophthalmology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0670-6901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diletta","family":"Paganelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Ophthalmology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8349-5737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Ophthalmology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. 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Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Cestrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Ophthalmology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ludovica","family":"Paris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Ophthalmology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. 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Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Neuroscienze, 56024 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1957169","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography","volume":"254","author":"Huang","year":"1991","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D30","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.49.000D30","article-title":"High-speed optical coherence tomography: Basics and applications","volume":"49","author":"Wojtkowski","year":"2010","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2004.04.049","article-title":"Ophthalmic imaging by spectral optical coherence tomography","volume":"138","author":"Wojtkowski","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. 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